Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis

The article is an intensive treatise on the feared sickness ‘Cystic Fibrosis’ which happens because of a hereditary imperfection, to a great extent in individuals of Caucasian starting point, in spite of the fact that it isn't restrictive for this specific race (3). It incorporates deliberately gathered data about the infection from past just as the most recent audits accessible at Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library, other than those from Johns Hopkins University in the US.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authentic predominance, remedial mediations utilized for its treatment, the as of late recognized components of the sickness have been altogether expounded upon and the most recent rules for dealing with the illness have been recommended. The treatise follows a clear, simple to peruse style which is understandable in any event, for a no n specialized individual, aside from specific segments which clarify the hereditary premise of the infection. The progression of the article is worked in a proper way by first explaining the components of the infection, trailed by the most recent analytic strategies utilized to identify its quality, the side effects and clinical appearances, the impacts in changed organ frameworks of the body lastly adjusted by treatment modalities accessible to deal with its different signs. The article closes with a look at the most recent undertakings in research on cystic fibrosis. The article nonetheless, has more scholarly than clinical significance as it is too detailed to even consider focusing on one specific feature of the illness. In the presentation, the creator has featured the commitment of examination on cystic fibrosis, which has empowered an individual experiencing this illness to have a superior future because of the ongoing advances in finding and treatment. The malady etiology ha s been clarified widely with clarifications about the hereditary deformity which hastens it. The reason for the malady has been ascribed because of transformation in the quality that encodes for the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance controller) protein which is communicated in numerous epithelial and platelets (3). The better atomic systems, transformations and impacts of CFTR are organized on the principal page with proper detail. As per the creator, CFTR fundamentally works as a chloride channel other than it diverse capacities in the guideline of sodium transportation and ATP channels. In spite of the event of in excess of 1500 transformations in the CFTR quality, class II change has been recognized as the most widely recognized in European and North American populaces (3).Advertising Looking for basic composition on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manifestations of cystic fibrosis are va riable relying on the specific change and explicit organ frameworks are influenced in like manner. The varieties are broad to the point that manifestations and attributes of the sickness can fluctuate, even between kin. Polymorphisms in non-CFTR qualities and quality cooperations have been recommended as the premise of these varieties. As indicated by the writer, various theories have been proposed for the event of cystic fibrosis, out of which four have been explained in the article. The principal speculation proposes that loss of restraint of epithelial sodium diverts brings about inordinate sodium and water reabsorption with the resultant lack of hydration of aviation route surface materials. This outcomes in evaporating of the aviation route mucous layers and the arrangement of plaques which harbor pathogenic microscopic organisms. Another speculation, the high-salt theory proposes that because of the nonappearance of useful CFTR, abundance sodium and chloride held in the aviati on route surface fluid builds centralization of chloride in periciliary layers which doesn't permit intrinsic anti-infection particles to work. The third speculation recommends a dysregulation of the host fiery reaction is answerable for the trademark atomic changes saw in cystic fibrosis. One more speculation proposes an essential inclination to contamination as the fundamental driver because of the imperfect CFTR quality (3). After this careful presentation the creator moves the center onto analysis of cystic fibrosis in which examinations are prescribed to be started if the trademark side effects are seen in any kid or grown-up. The general side effects incorporate family ancestry of the ailment, salty-tasting skin, clubbing of fingers and toes, hack went with sputum, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and confinement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium from the aviation route (3). Chloride focus in sweat is a decent marker for the analysis of cystic fibrosis. The creator has exh austively organized a rundown of sicknesses which may give a bogus positive/negative outcome in the perspiration test and subsequently are crucial for making a differential conclusion. Conclusion in babies and kids can likewise be made by watching trademark signs and side effects just as with the help of sub-atomic science procedures, for example, CFTR change discovery and estimation of immunoreactive trypsinogen in blood spots, especially in newborn children (3).Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinical appearances of the ailment have been altogether clarified in the accompanying passages which are tended to as indicated by the organ frameworks included. Gastrointestinal indications remember deterrent for the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic inadequacy, steatorrhoea and summed up lack of healthy sustenance (3). The showed indications incorporate oily stools, tooti ng, stomach swelling and poor weight gain. Biliary cirrhosis and jaundice are likewise seen now and again. The respiratory framework is likewise significantly influenced by cystic fibrosis and indications are as constant aviation route contamination, bronchiectasis, gas catching, hypoxaemia and hypercarbia (3). Trademark bacterial contaminations with explicit living beings are seen in the pneumonic framework which incorporates P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and methycillin safe S. aureus (MRSA) (3). Other than these significant framework contaminations, endocrine unsettling influences are seen in the patients and men especially experience the ill effects of azoospermia prompting fruitlessness. Treatment approaches accessible and suggested have been exhaustively portrayed in the article and incorporate essentially the modes utilized to deal with aspiratory contamination and upgrade lung working. Lung work tests include expand methodology and gear which must be sterile. Additionally, a pati ent in intense respiratory misery will be unable to consent to the requests of such tests which include breathing through gear for a specific term and with some exertion. Breathed in hypertonic saline, macrolide anti-toxins and calming medications, for example, ibuprofen have especially been suggested. Corticosteroids have been contraindicated in the treatment of cystic fibrosis because of their noticeable symptoms which can decay the condition. Anyway in crisis circumstances they may must be turned to relying fair and square of pain being experienced by a patient at a specific second. Aviation route freedom strategies as of now accessible have been suggested with the last retreat as lung transplantation in situations where there have been pneumonic intensifications because of this malady. Support of fitting sustenance is essential in patients with cystic fibrosis and supplement use, explicitly pancreatic chemicals have been prescribed to help the stomach related procedure. Normal s upport of BMR (basal metabolic rate) has been proposed for patients so proper remedial measure can be utilized in an opportune way. The article has extraordinary relevance for Ireland specifically, where the rate of Cystic fibrosis is the most noteworthy on the planet (4). The Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland (CFRI) keeps up a library of the considerable number of patients determined to have the ailment which has been made online from July, 2002 (2).Advertising Searching for basic composition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Around 30-40 youngsters with the hereditary imperfection are conceived in Ireland every year with an extremely poor future (15-25 years) (1). There is consequently a requirement for giving the most suitable treatment at the correct stages in such patients to make their life agreeable. The article covers latest rules for treatment exhaustively which can be received relying on the clinical side effects experienced. The article adjusts with the ebb and flow propels in quality treatment because of the improvement of cutting edge atomic science methods, which may yield some new remedial mediation methodology to deal with this feared illness. In Ireland, various inadequacies in the current wellbeing administrations exist which muddle the treatment of cystic fibrosis. These incorporate insufficient staff, absence of just as less than impressive physical assets and lacks in arrangement of grown-up administrations (4). These issues should be dealt with fittingly if any significant remedial me asures as recommended in this investigation can be really utilized. Catalog Annual Report, 2007. Web. Arbors F, Over 1,080 Cystic fibrosis cases here. 2004. Web. O’Sullivan BP, Freedman SD. Cystic Fibrosis, Seminar. Lancet 2009 April 28 373;1891-904 Rainey C, Blueprint for The Future. 2005. Web. This basic composition on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis was composed and put together by client Estrella Hardin to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should c

Virtual and Real Communities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Virtual and Real Communities - Assignment Example In contrast to the customary techniques for learning, separation learning took an alternate type of instructing that permitted individuals in various areas around the globe to learn continuously and without numerous boundaries in their manner. Different everyday issues got this model of imparting over the World Wide Web to expand the correspondence rates far and wide (Doheny-Farina, 1998). This saw to the introduction of informal organizations, for example, Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus that for all intents and purposes brought individuals from numerous areas around the globe into a network with numerous likenesses to a genuine and topographically found one. This paper will fret about the looking into of these two kinds of networks. The points of interest and drawbacks of each kind of network will be talked about and clarified upon to give a genuine image of each sort of network. The initial segment of this paper will contend in the kindness of online networks and the advantages they bring to the human network. Most importantly, the term ‘virtual community’ is an immediate deduction of a 1993 book by a similar title composed by Howard Rheingold. Rheingold is one of the most known defenders of virtual networks and is even named the main resident of the web (Gauntlett, 2008). He brings up a few advantages he credits to virtual networks discovered exclusively on the web. ... These people group empower the individuals share data on the consideration they get and methods of taking care of complex circumstances which different individuals may not know about (Horsley and Gauntlett, 2004). This gathering of networks, as Rheingold puts it, has been known to spare numerous lives at a less expensive expense than genuine and topographically cognizant ones would. One other preferred position with these virtual networks is that, because of their virtual nature, they empower the individuals examine issues they would some way or another discover hard to talk about with others on an up close and personal premise. Being virtual likewise empowers the individuals look for the particular data required without being wasted time with methods that may not sound good to them at all. Another obvious bit of leeway of being a part to a virtual network is it empowers the individuals discover thoughts that they couldn't figure out how to go anyplace else without a very remarkable hustle. Data has been recently streaming quicker on interpersonal organizations contrasted with different types of media. Online stages have empowered young people particularly to air their voices to the more extensive world without a requirement for searching out an administration type of media (Howard and Jones, 2013). This has likewise constrained legislators into taking their battles online since there are bigger networks there whose votes can be tapped at a less expensive and all the more fulfilling rate contrasted with physical crusades. Scarcely any thoughts are therefore escaped the open when a lion's share of the residents are online where data effectively circulates around the web and gets to most social website clients. A fourth point for virtual networks is the opportunity that accompanies the utilization of the destinations that have the virtual networks. While the land and genuine networks would

BIOGRAPHY ON MY HUSBAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memoir ON MY HUSBAND - Essay Example In any case, his first marriage, in spite of the entirety of his assurance to make it work crumbled however this was not because of any issue of his own. He before long found that the marriage had been based on lies with his better half having lied about her age when they wedded and as yet being a youthful and naã ¯ve young lady, she left Fernando holding the difficulty of how to keep on thinking about the family. They had one youngster together which his better half left in his consideration since she apparently needed no part in parenthood. This left him with attempting to make sense of an approach to keep on working while simultaneously being a decent dad to the youngster trapped in the detachment and separation. During this time Fernando was endeavoring to be a full-time father and furthermore working all day with his finishing organization. Times were incredibly hard for him as he didn't have adequate assets to rely upon nor did he have any family that was close to him who coul d have helped in dealing with his little girl while he worked during that time. Some way or another this man managed to endure this timeframe all alone, not even once getting some distance from the obligations he had as a dad to his little girl. He likewise didn't attempt to indict his first spouse for relinquishment of their kid so he just had his own self to depend on so as to ensure the essential food to keep his family running easily. He sought out childcare administrations for his little girl with the goal that he could proceed to work and this bill alone was very generous consistently. Be that as it may, his neighbors frequently got him out with watching his little girl yet he was exceptionally cautious around there on the grounds that he would not like to come to rely upon anybody or be viewed as a weight either so he accepted a significant part of the work all alone. During this timeframe Fernando didn't search out different connections like a level of men would do. He devoted himself to being a dad and kept on working since he realized that in

How to Create a Beautiful Christmas Border Using Christmas Paper

How to Create a Beautiful Christmas Border Using Christmas PaperA Christmas border is a beautiful thing to decorate your Christmas tree and look after as a centerpiece for your Christmas presents. A border is simple to make but can be made to fit almost any theme that you choose. However, do you know how to put it all together?When you are looking at the paper to start the border off with, there are a few things that you should keep in mind. First, there are many types of paper that you will find on the market today. This includes kitchen paper, tissue paper, and even the thick stock paper that you would use for store bought wrapping paper. All of these paper varieties have different uses and purposes that they have on your Christmas tree. It is up to you to figure out which ones you want to use.The next thing that you need to decide on is what type of paper you want to use. It should be something that has some sort of pattern on it so that you can pick the best one to match. If you do not like patterns, then just use plain white paper. However, if you like patterns then you will probably want to purchase some basic supplies such as scissors, glue, a glue stick, double sided tape, and a craft knife.Once you have decided what paper you are going to use, it is time to lay it out for the cutting and marking. You want to first cut a straight line across the top of the paper. You then need to cut a circle in the paper and a rectangular piece of paper. Take both pieces of paper and flip them over so that you are left with an odd number of sides.Use your ruler to draw lines on the sides of the paper. Keep in mind that when you do this, the paper must remain flat against the cutting surface or else you may end up with a rough edge on your border. It is also important to remember that you do not want to cut the paper at an angle to get rid of the straight line.Once you have drawn a line on the paper, use the tip of your craft knife to make a cut on the paper. You will t hen need to lift the piece of paper away from the cutting surface and use the craft knife to cut off the excess paper so that you can work from the sides of the paper.You should now have three thin sections of paper that will line up on a flat surface. After that you need to glue the two pieces of paper that were cut off together. Once you have glued them together, it is now time to cut a smaller rectangle and glue it onto the other two pieces of paper.This is how you create a border that will be beautiful for your Christmas tree. You can use them alone or you can use them on other decorations as well. Your choice is completely up to you.

Some Ways To Get Help With Research Paper

Some Ways To Get Help With Research PaperThere are some things that are generally taught in first year college courses on research, but not all of them are useful to students who are attempting to write their own research papers. Some of these include:Research can be very difficult and time consuming, especially if it is your first time trying to do so. However, it can be quite an art as well. However, if you are working under a great head of professor in first year courses, there are a few ways that you can get some help with research paper free. Here are some of the things that you should know:Free help with research paper can come in the form of feedback from your professor. You should take note of this from your first day of class, as they will be able to help you by pointing out what areas of your research need to be improved upon. Many professors will encourage students to let them critique their work before grading it, or even just offering suggestions for improvement that the y may have gleaned from students. This will allow you to learn more from their critiques without having to spend your precious time on doing all of the research yourself.There are a number of online forums that offer proofreading services for free as well. They can make your writing much easier to read, as well as point out any grammatical errors. By knowing when and where these errors are occurring, it is much easier to catch them and avoid them in the future.Taking courses with a first year professor can be quite helpful in helping you with research paper. First year professors tend to specialize in one particular field of study, such as math, physics, or biology. This allows you to learn more about your topic and be able to apply what you are learning when you write your paper.You should find a number of different types of resources, when you are writing your paper. One resource could be an online book that will give you some tips on writing your paper, but many times these books are expensive and not readily available. You should also find some of the help you need by taking a look at some online forums.Writing a research paper can be a challenge, but with the right help from your professor and others in the course, it will be much easier for you to tackle. However, the trick is knowing how to get the right help. For this, you should always try to follow the rules and tips given to you by your professor.The most important thing to remember when looking for help with research paper free is to try to not give up when you start seeing errors. This does not mean that you should give up on your project immediately. It simply means that you should keep writing until you find the right method for you.

Role of Information Technologies Essay - 550 Words

Role of Information Technologies in the Department of Homeland and Security (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourseDate of SubmissionRole of Information Technologies in the Department of Homeland and SecurityThe information and technologies sector plays a crucial role in the area of the department of homeland and security. The government of the United States hugely depends on the roles and the responsibilities of IT administration over the preceding decades (Liu and Albitz 127). This essay will draw up the functions of the information technologies in the division of the homeland and Security.The IT administers activities and services that contribute to the architecture, advancement, and supply of information technologies resources. The sector establishes critical hardware and programs that meet the global requirements of relevant information in the state. Furthermore, the department generates information services that assure the nation that their security is perfectly safe. It also guarantees economic protection by seeking t o ensure that the data and information meet the entire security legal framework (Miller 311). Another way it assures the economic safety is through limiting the hardware and software resources to only those individuals who are capable of controlling the confidential information.It implements means on how to manage international data threats across technological infrastructure. Nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s technological environment faces abundant data risks from many areas including data hackers, and natural threats. It occurs intermittently across the networks that are within the nation. Most of the risks do carry significant impacts due to the existing data security mechanism within the department. Nevertheless, some of the risks are vital and might damage the imperative functions of the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s information systems. Because of this, the department adopts a collective and efficient threats management mechanism both at the individual level and the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s level. Th ere are numerous risk management means that the department uses to mitigate the information and data risks. The major threats management approaches include utilization of the physical susceptibility reduction measures such as the logical access control measures (Miller 322).Providing domain name resolution services to network users is another crucial role of the IT. It has international domain name policies and standards that are adhered to by the network subscribers across the nations. It ensures that the industries register its domain names before the network users use it across t the internet. Additionally, practice of the registration minimizes fraudulent use of the domain names, meaning that the international web servers cannot map the domain name into its IP address (Miller 327). Again, the administration adopts significant mitigation measures such as massive scale denial of service intrusion by the network users on the Domain Name Service network platform...

Ida Husted Harper

Known for:  suffrage activism, especially writing articles, pamphlets, and books; official biographer of Susan B. Anthony and author of the last two of six volumes of the History of Woman Suffrage Occupation:  journalist, writer Religion:   UnitarianDates:  February 18, 1851 – March 14, 1931Also Known As: Ida Husted Background, Family Mother: Cassandra Stoddard HustedFather: John Arthur Husted, saddler Education Public schools in IndianaOne year at Indiana UniversityStanford University, did not graduate Marriage, Children Husband: Thomas Winans Harper (married December 28, 1871, divorced February 10, 1890; attorney)Child: Winnifred Harper Cooley, became a journalist Ida Husted Harper Biography Ida Husted was born in Fairfield, Indiana. The family moved to Muncie for the better schools there, when Ida was 10. She attended public schools through high school.  In 1868, she entered Indiana University with the standing of a sophomore, leaving after just a year for a job as a high school principal in Peru, Indiana. She was married in December 1871, to Thomas Winans Harper, a Civil War veteran and attorney.  They moved to Terre Haute. For many years, he was chief counsel for the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, the union headed by Eugene V. Debs. Harper and Debs were close colleagues and friends. Writing Career Ida Husted Harper began writing secretly for Terre Haute newspapers, sending her articles in under a male pseudonym at first.  Eventually, she came to publish them under her own name, and for twelve years had a column in the Terre Haute Saturday Evening Mail called â€Å"A Woman’s Opinion.† She was paid for her writing; her husband disapproved. She also wrote for the newspaper of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen (BLF), and from 1884 to 1893 was editor of that paper’s Woman’s Department. In 1887, Ida Husted Harper became the secretary of the Indiana woman suffrage society.  In this work, she organized conventions in every Congressional district in the state. On Her Own In February 1890, she divorced her husband, then became editor in chief of the Terre Haute Daily News.  She left just three months later, after leading the paper successfully through an election campaign.  She moved to Indianapolis to be with her daughter Winnifred, who was a student in that city at the Girls’ Classical School.  She continued contributing to the BLF magazine and also began writing for the Indianapolis News. When Winnifred Harper moved to California in 1893 to begin studies at Stanford University, Ida Husted Harper accompanied her, and also enrolled in classes at Stanford. Woman Suffrage Writer In California, Susan B. Anthony put Ida Husted Harper in charge of press relations for the 1896 California woman suffrage campaign, under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).  She began helping Anthony write speeches and articles.   After the defeat of the California suffrage effort, Anthony asked Harper to help her with her memoirs.  Harper moved to Rochester to Anthony’s home there, going through her many papers and other records. In 1898, Harper published two volumes of the Life of Susan B. Anthony. (A third volume was published in 1908, after Anthony’s death.) The following year Harper accompanied Anthony and others to London, as a delegate to the International Council of Women. She attended the Berlin meeting in 1904, and became a regular attendee of those meetings and also of the International Suffrage Alliance.  She served as chair of the International Council of Women’s press committee from 1899 to 1902. From 1899 to 1903, Harper was editor of a woman’s column in the New York Sunday Sun.  She also worked on a followup to the three-volume History of Woman Suffrage; with Susan B. Anthony, she published volume 4 in 1902.  Susan B. Anthony died in 1906; Harper published the third volume of Anthony’s biography in 1908.   From 1909 to 1913 she edited a woman’s page in Harper’s Bazaar.  She chaired the National Press Bureau of the NAWSA in New York City, a job for which she placed articles in many newspapers and magazines. She toured as a lecturer and traveled to Washington to testify to Congress several times.  She also published many of her own articles for newspapers in major cities. The Final Suffrage Push In 1916, Ida Husted Harper became part of the final push for woman suffrage.  Miriam Leslie had left a bequest to NAWSA that established the Leslie Bureau of Suffrage Education.  Carrie Chapman Catt invited Harper to be in charge of that effort.  Harper moved to Washington for the job, and from 1916 to 1919, she wrote many articles and pamphlets advocating woman suffrage, and also wrote letters to many newspapers, in a campaign to influence public opinion in favor of a national suffrage amendment. In 1918, as she saw that victory was possibly near, she opposed the entrance of a large black women’s organization into the NAWSA, fearing that would lose the support of legislators in the southern states. That same year, she began preparing volumes 5 and 6 of the History of Woman Suffrage, covering 1900 to victory, which came in 1920.  The two volumes were published in 1922. Later Life She stayed on in Washington, residing at the American Association of University Women.  She died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Washington in 1931, and her ashes were buried in Muncie. Ida Husted Harper’s life and work are documented in many books about the suffrage movement.

Chemosh Ancient God of Moabites

Chemosh was the national deity of the Moabites whose name most likely meant destroyer, subduer, or fish god.  While he is most readily associated with the Moabites, according to Judges 11:24 he seems to have been the national deity of the Ammonites as well.  His presence in the Old Testament world was well known, as his cult was imported to Jerusalem by King Solomon (1 Kings 11:7).  The Hebrew scorn for his worship was evident in a curse from the scriptures:  the abomination of Moab.  King Josiah destroyed the Israelite branch of the cult (2 Kings 23).  Ã‚   Evidence About Chemosh Information on Chemosh is scarce, although archaeology and text can render a clearer picture of the deity.  In 1868, an archaeological find at Dibon provided scholars with more clues to the nature of Chemosh.  The find, known as the Moabite Stone or Mesha Stele, was a monument bearing an inscription commemorating the c. 860 B.C. endeavors of King Mesha to overthrow the Israelite dominion of Moab.  The vassalage had existed since the reign of David (2 Samuel 8:2), but the Moabites revolted upon the death of Ahab. Moabite Stone (Mesha Stele) The Moabite Stone is a priceless source of information concerning Chemosh.  Within the text, the inscriber mentions Chemosh twelve times.  He also names Mesha as the son of Chemosh.  Mesha made it clear that he understood Chemoshs anger and the reason he allowed the Moabites to fall under the rule of Israel.  The high place on which Mesha oriented the stone was dedicated to Chemosh as well.  In summary, Mesha realized that Chemosh waited to restore Moab in his day, for which Mesha was grateful to Chemosh.  Ã‚   Blood Sacrifice for Chemosh Chemosh seems to have also had a taste for blood.  In 2 Kings 3:27 we find that human sacrifice was part of the rites of Chemosh.  This practice, while gruesome, was certainly not unique to the Moabites, as such rites were commonplace in the various Canaanite religious cults, including those of the Baals and Moloch.  Mythologists and other scholars suggest that such activity may be due to the fact the Chemosh and other Canaanite gods such as the Baals, Moloch, Thammuz, and Baalzebub were all personifications of the sun or the suns rays.  They represented the fierce, inescapable, and often consuming heat of the summer sun (a necessary but deadly element in life; analogs may be found in Aztec sun worship).  Ã‚   Synthesis of Semitic Gods As the subtext, Chemosh and the Moabite Stone seem to reveal something of the nature of religion in Semitic regions of the period.  Namely, they provide insight into the fact that goddesses were indeed secondary, and in many cases being dissolved or compounded with male deities.  This may be seen in the Moabite Stone inscriptions where Chemosh is also referred to as Asthor-Chemosh.  Such synthesis reveals the masculinization of Ashtoreth, a Canaanite goddess worshiped by Moabites and other Semitic peoples.  Biblical scholars have also noted that Chemoshs role in the Moabite Stone inscription is analogous to that of Yahweh in the book of Kings.  Thus, it would seem that Semitic regard for respective national deities operated similarly from region to region.   Sources Bible.  (NIV Trans.)  Grand Rapids:  Zondervan, 1991.Chavel, Charles B.  Davids War Against the Ammonites:  A Note on Biblical Exegesis. The Jewish Quarterly Review 30.3 (January 1940):  257-61.Easton, Thomas.   The Illustrated Bible Dictionary.  Thomas Nelson, 1897.Emerton, J.A.  The Value of the Moabite Stone as an Historical Source.  Vetus Testamentum  Ã‚  52.4 (October 2002):  483-92.Hanson, K.C.  K.C. Hanson Collection of West Semitic Documents.The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.Olcott, William Tyler.  Sun Lore of All Ages.  New York:  G.P. Putnams, 1911.Sayce, A.H.  Polytheism in Primitive Israel.  The Jewish Quarterly Review 2.1 (October  1889):  25-36.

A Literary Analysis of The Reader By Bernhard Schlink Free Essay Example, 2250 words

III. Hanna’s Notorious Past Hanna turns out not to be as innocent as she would suggest—even though we already know that Hanna is an utterly daring, witty, wise and capricious soul. Of course, there are some factual errors that must be cleared up, in analyzing The Reader. One of those factual errors is that actually, most women would not have been SS guards—in fact, none of them would be, except in the case of auxiliary SS guards. Auxiliary SS guards were assistants but not on par with actual SS guards. Also, the amount of these were relatively few in number. According to Patricia Heberer of the Advanced Holocaust Studies at the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, â€Å"Women could not be members of the SS Proper†¦. [They] were technically termed†¦[female SS attendants] and were†¦an auxiliary group of SS†¦a minority in the concentration camp world†¦[thusly] misrepresent[ing] the historical role of women in SS posts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Another difficulty that we have in parsing Hanna’s notorious past is the fact that this novel focuses on is the suffering of Germans in terms of coming to grips with what the Nazis had done. We will write a custom essay sample on A Literary Analysis of The Reader By Bernhard Schlink or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now While we know that Michael has severe moral hang-ups with the Nazi occupation, Hanna maintains at the trial that she was just doing her job—but she also maintains that she did not murder anyone, she was just following orders. And, indeed, even though she did not murder anyone—Schlink’s book still does a delicate balancing act between trying to drudge up empathy for the Germans without trying to sound too schmaltzy or offensive. â€Å"Crownshaw argues for a more nuanced reading of Bernhard Schlinks novel as a text that problematizes the moral binaries of perpetrator and victim in a useful and productive fashion†¦how [does one] best represent German suffering in a balanced manner†¦without relativizing [Jewish suffering] or sentimentalizing German victimhood. †4 So, yes—on the one hand, in making the readers of The Reader feel sorry for the Germans who were against the Nazis, one must also keep in mind that those same Germans had the power to do something about the injustices they saw happening in their communities. Thus, Germans who were sympathetic to the Nazi government cause although they were not directly involved, still implicates them on a moral level to the crimes committed by the Nazis. Hanna, however, is definitely a character whom we believe was just doing a job—being a guard. The prosecutor and the witnesses take advantage of this fact and accuse Hanna of having the order signed for the building to be burned, with Jewish men, women, and children inside.

The Mind And Machines, An Oxymoron - 1365 Words

Minds and Machines, an oxymoron? Can machines think? This question, addressed by Descartes and Turing, leads to discussion of how thought is constructed and what is the mind made of. At the heart of the debate, there is a schism between Cartesian dualism and functionalism. Language is a method considered by both sides as evidence of thought and provides the test for intelligence. This essay will look at Descartes’ objections and Turing’s arguments for whether machine can ever think. This essay will argue that Turing’s, and the functionalist, view is correct. It questions whether Turing’s test provides sufficient evidence of machine intelligence, and uses Searle’s Chinese room to explain why intentionality matters. Functionalism and†¦show more content†¦107). This is influential in Descartes’s beliefs and scepticism towards machines thinking. On the other hand, Turing has a more functionalist view of the human mind. This philosophy believes different types of substances could be considered a mind, if it can perform the functional role similar to that of the human mind (Study guide, p. 112). Despite these differences, both consider the use of a language test to prove machine intelligence. Turing believes that a computer has the potential to pass the test, and proposed any machine that can pass his Turing test can think. On the other hand, Descartes thought it was impossible for a machine to pass this test (Study guide, p. 105) Descartes’ objections to machines thinking Descartes thought that a machine would not be able to communicate like a human. He argues that a machine engaging in conversation with a human would be incapable of providing meaningful answers (Study guide, p. 105). Descartes would have no conception of modern computer and programming in the 17th century. Machines simply cannot engage with language like humans can and this reflects machines not being to understand language directed to it. One major fault with his premise is that it assumes thought manifests itself in human language. He thought they would be incapable the correct assortment of words for any given conversation (Study guide, p. 105). This test would mean that animals cannot think, or a human raised away from human society

Bottled Water And Drinking Water - 757 Words

Americans utilize a great deal of water, in fact, the average American uses 90 gallons a day (Henshaw). So it is not surprising America has one of the cleanest water reserves in the world (â€Å"Water Quality†). A surprising statistic, however, is one-third of the American population drinks bottled water on a regular basis when the majority has clean drinking water at home (Olsen). This might be due to the fact that the bottled water industry has promoted itself as a healthier and more portable alternative to tap water. However, the truth is startling as bottled water is only a misleading, expensive, and dangerous gimmick to bring in revenue for large companies. Bottled water is a high revenue business with little to offer its consumers. Americans spent around $11.8 billion dollars on bottled water in 2012 (Boesler). It is surprising to discover that bottled water costs at least 300 times more than tap water (Boesler). Bottled water drinkers might assume this is an adequate price considering marketers convince them it comes from natural springs, but at least 25% of bottled water comes from municipal water supplies (â€Å"Bottled Water†). The company filters the tap water and sells it in misleading packaging at an outrageous price. However, with tap water only $ 0.004 a gallon, Americans can filter their own water and increase the productive opportunities for their money (Boesler). The water bottles’ packaging is not only misleading, it is dangerous. The plastic thatShow MoreRelatedBottled Water And Drinking Water Essay822 Words   |  4 Pagesmany people have many opportunities to drink water, which is the closest and cheapest fluid. We can drink water in two kinds of ways, bottled water and tap water. Some recent articles recommend choosing tap water for several reasons, even though the investigations of the two kinds of water praised bottled water as better water for us than tap water until a little while ago. Which one is better for us? Both bottled water and tap water are the same water just by looking at them; however, each of oneRead MoreBottled Water : The Demand For Bottled Drinking Water835 Words   |  4 Pages NJOKU Bottled Water The demand for bottled drinking water has been growing rapidly since the 1980s, increasing nearly 400% in the last decade according to the Council of Bottled Water Manufacturers, as a result of declining consumer confidence in the safety and quality of municipal water supplies. In response, individuals and businesses are purchasing bottled drinking water for use in their homes and offices. Free of contaminants and government-monitored, bottled waters are derived from protectedRead MoreThe Effects Of Bottled Water On Drinking Water1115 Words   |  5 Pagespeople buying bottled water. My grandfather told me that when he was a boy they drank water from the hose and it was free. I know growing up our household certainly didn’t bother with things like that, so facet water is what we got as well. The costs of groceries these days is expensive, spending extra money on water always seemed like such a waste to me. Now, that being said, some people live in areas where the water isnâ⠂¬â„¢t very clean, and buying bottled water is much safer than drinking the city’sRead MoreDrinking Water Out Of Bottled Water1191 Words   |  5 PagesMost American see bottled water as a necessity, even though bottled water did not exist numerous years ago. Drinking out of a water bottle has become the customary drinking source for most Americans. We have become reliant on plastic waste. Water is life sustaining, so many of us would think that drinking water out of a bottle is harmless. Unfortunately it is not, there have been hints of PET and BPA in the plastic containers we are drinking out of. Both PET and BPA can stimulate sever health consequencesRead MoreBenefits Of Drinking Bottled Water Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many benefits of drinking bottled water, but these benefits do not outweigh the costs. Drinking bottled water can have many negative effects on human health, and can be very harmful to the environment. Over the past ten years, the bottled wa ter market has tripled. Every year the market grows ten percent from the previous year. Because the market is continuously growing, the amount of negative impacts of bottled water are also growing. 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It can have minimal processing – as in natural spring or mineral water, or it can be completely filtered and dematerialized which is to remove minerals in the water to nearly pure, and then added minerals back into the water to make it taste better. In these days, â€Å"we drink 15 times more bottled water today than we did in 1976. According to the NRDCRead MoreDrinking Bottled Water Is Not Good For The Environment1006 Words   |  5 Pageson buying bottled water. What they don t know is the difference between bottled and tap water. People buy bottled water because they think it s safer to drink. What they don’t know is that bottled water is bad for the environment. Bottled water manufacturers begin by putting the water into plastic bottles which then is shipped from one part of the world to another and then kept refrigerated before they sell it. Not only that, but p eople around the world are lacking safe drinkable water and are dyingRead More Bottled Water Quality vs Municipal Drinking Water Quality Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pagestap water as we do for bottled water, most people would have a monthly water bill of over $9,000. - -Andrew C. Revkin - The New York Times It is very common for research groups to set up a bottled water taste test. The results are always the same: without a label, there is no obvious difference among any kind of bottled water or even tap water. Yet millions of Americans routinely buy bottled water and re-filter their tap water. The Clean Water Act of 1972 was supposed to ensure all water sourcesRead MoreDrinking Water From Your Sink is Safer Than Bottled Water Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesFord -- The advertising of bottled water companies often implies that tap water is impure. Is your tap water safe to drink? Some people think that water straight from the faucet could contain chemicals that cause illness and even cancer, but it doesnt. Pesticides and other chemicals do not contaminate drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act was passed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to allow state governments to protect the public from water contamination by establishing

Pediatrics Physical Therapy Children With Autism and Down Syndrome

Question: Describe about the Essay on Pediatrics Physical Therapy for Children With Autism and Down Syndrome? Answer: The core signs that signify that a child has autism are difficulties in interaction and communication and a tendency to behave in a restricted and repetitive manner. In this case, Benjamin is having some communication, behavioural and coordination problems that indicate the possibility of him to have autism. First of all, he enjoys staying and playing with his toys alone without any interruption, and he has a diagnosed speech delay. Instead of using words to communicate he uses body language, smiling and crying and very occasionally he babbles. He has avoidance towards anyones physical contact. He is not able to follow instruction and visual prompts. He is not able to keep his toy car on the track or his ball in the basket. He often does some repetitive activities like clapping his hands over his ears or grinding his teeth out of no reason. He kicks his legs whenever he is angry. He has some obsessive practices like always holding something in his hand, playing with the same toy in a same way, etc. He faces a difficulty in standing without support, walks using a push toy and creeps on hands and knees. He is unable to imitate new activities shown by his therapist. He feels problem in sitting still, and there are some problems with his sitting posture. He sits in a w-sitting posture with a posterior pelvic tilt, back and soldiers rounded. He cannot hold his bottle while drinking and is not able to eat himself. As a professional physical therapist, I will say that Benjamin has Autism. By analysing his activities we can observe that he faces some difficulties in communicating with people, he has a problem with sitting, standing and walking, he is unable to follow instructions that are given by others and these are the symptoms of an autistic child. Family centred care is an important part of the treatment of a child with autism. FCC or family centred care plays a role in all aspects starting from assessment throughout the treatment. The FCC practices emerged as the System of Exclusion, and its key factors are 1) The Fight, 2) Roles and restrictions of care and 3) Therapeutic Rapport (Daniels et al., 2012). These three factors of FCC include: Learning about the system of the family and developing the respect for the preferences, culture and system of the family can help to overcome these hardships as everyone in the childs family gets affected by the increased stress and financial problem. Developing proper learning opportunities and teaching strategies for the child and taking regular feedback from the teachers. Developing the communication and managing the behaviour of the child. Involving the members of the family in the therapeutic sessions and their feedback should be taken on a regular basis. The opinion of the family about the child's interests and needs should be taken before starting the therapy (Dabrowska Pisula, 2010). Transcranial direct current stimulation can be an effective intervention strategy for motor development for Benjamin. In this method, an electrical energy of low intensity is applied to the cerebral cortex in order to fluctuate the magnetic fields coming from any external source. A DC is continuously applied through electrodes that are attached directly to the scalp which is just above the selected region of the brain. The excitability of the neurones is altered by this current either positively or negatively which leads to a change of the brain functions. TDCS has been proven successful to improve the communication skill, language skill and behavioural performance of children with autism. In recent days, it is being used as a potential treatment of language skill and speech of young minimally verbal and non-verbal autistic children. However some medical, practical and ethical challenges of these types of interventions are there related to the children (Reaven et al., 2012). An effective home programme for autistic children can be set at home based on some treatment methods by the parents. These types of programmes will help them to understand their children in a better way and will also help to improve the behavioural factors of the children. Relationship Development Intervention is a parent-child programme that mainly gives emphasis to the improvement of the social interactions and emotional responses of the child. RDI programme works on the understanding of a child towards nonverbal clues, social behaviour and an awareness of others emotions (Griffith et al., 2010). Applied Behavioural Analysis is a one-to-one plan that focuses on appreciating the right behaviour and avoiding bad behaviour for encouraging the correct responses. It requires reinforcing the good behaviour, a repetitive and structured teaching. The Floortime is a treatment method that encourages the children to be more interactive through various games and activities. By investing more time, parents can select proper activities for their children and expand their social communication (Daniels et al., 2012). Wraparound is a special programme where autistic children have a one-to-one session with a specialist. Such programmes are conducted at home, school and in other organizations. Parents can make their children participate in such activities (Griffith et al., 2010). As a physical therapist, my role is to work with the child along with his family with the help of certain activities. Improving the participation of the child in various activities of his daily life at home and school by helping him to acquire new motor skills. Development of coordination and stability of posture by some reciprocal play skills such as catching and throwing a ball with another person or copying the activity of someone. Evaluation of the improvement child by the assessment of his functional mobility, postural strength and control, awareness of body and safety, play skills and coordination, motivation, interest and emotional responses and participation in the activities of daily life. Monitoring the improvement of the child, collect data and designing various programmes that will lead to a positive outcome (Dabrowska Pisula, 2010). References: Dabrowska, A., Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ school Children With Autism And Down Syndrome.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,54(3), 266-280. Daniels, A. M., Rosenberg, R. E., Anderson, C., Law, J. K., Marvin, A. R., Law, P. A. (2012). Verification of parent-report of child autism spectrum disorder diagnosis to a web-based autism registry.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,42(2), 257-265. Griffith, G. M., Hastings, R. P., Nash, S., Hill, C. (2010). Using matched groups to explore child behavior problems and maternal well-being in children with Down syndrome and autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,40(5), 610-619. Hebert, E. B., Koulouglioti, C. (2010). Parental beliefs about cause and course of their child's autism and outcomes of their beliefs: A review of the literature.Issues in comprehensive pediatric nursing,33(3), 149-163. Mahajan, R., Bernal, M. P., Panzer, R., Whitaker, A., Roberts, W., Handen, B., ... Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2012). Clinical practice pathways for evaluation and medication choice for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in autism spectrum disorders.Pediatrics,130(Supplement 2), S125-S138. Reaven, J., Blakeleyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Smith, A., Culhaneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Shelburne, K., Hepburn, S. (2012). Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: A randomized trial.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,53(4), 410-419. Speaks, A. (2011). What is autism.Retrieved on November17, 2011. Spek, A. A., Van Ham, N. C., NyklÄ ek, I. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy in adults with an autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial.Research in developmental disabilities,34(1), 246-253.

Extra Judicial Killing in Bangladesh free essay sample

The government should publicly order law enforcement agencies to ensure the safety of all those taken Into custody. Joint Forces consisting of the Bangladesh Police, the Rapid Action Battalion (ARAB), and the Border Guards Bangladesh continue to arrest opposition supporters, some of whom are accused of involvement in violent protests before and during the January 5, 2014 elections which were boycotted by opposition parties.Security forces claim that the deaths after arrest occurred during crossfire, which Human Rights Watch as previously documented is used by security forces as a common euphemism to describe what they claim to be shootouts, but which in reality appears to be the killing of people already In detention. We are seeing a frightening pattern of supposed crossfire killings of opposition members landladies, said Brad Adams, Asia director. The Bangladesh government needs to ensure proper control of the security forces and order an independent and credible investigation into these deaths. We will write a custom essay sample on Extra Judicial Killing in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On January 21 , the State Minister for Home Affairs Cadenzas Khan Kamala said that the Joint Forces were engaged in an operation against terrorists and that none of those Involved In violence before the elections will be spared. More than 150 people died before the polls, the bloodiest In Bangladesh history. Many were ordinary citizens whose vehicles were set on fire by opposition supporters. Human Rights Watch interviews suggest a recent pattern of extrajudicial killings by security forces.Augural Islam, a leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Partys (BAN) student wing in Satiric district, was killed on January 27, a day after his rest for murder and for taking part in the pre-election violence, a police spokesman said. The police said he died In crossfire when he was leading the police to an opposition hideout. Two members of Jamaica-e-lassos student wing died In similar circumstances in Satiric on January 26. The police said that Babul Koala and Maraud died after receiving wounds during a gunfight a day after they were arrested.The police said that they were leading the Joint Forces to a place where other suspects were hiding when the security forces came under attack. Police said three police officers were injured. Another Jamaica member, Tearful Mohammad Sulfa Islam, was killed In alleged crossfire on January 20, a day after he was arrested. The police said he died while leading Investigators to a place where Jamaica activists were hiding firearms. Killings in custody escalate In each case the police said they only opened fire after coming under attack. Also among those who have died recently are two BAN members accused of Involvement Arabian were both wanted by the police in connection with an attack on the motorcade of ruling party Member of Parliament Cadenzas Nor,on December 4, 2013. According to the police, the attackers killed five people, including four members of the Miami League. The police charged 1,500 people with involvement in the attack and named 14 ringleaders, including Attica Islam Attic and Glam Arabian.According to a relative of Attic, he was taken from his house, along with a cousin, Module Islam, on January 13, 2014, by five or six men who said they were from the detective branch of the police. The police told family members that he was first taken to Delftware police station and then to Tangling district headquarters. Attics body was subsequently discovered by the side of a road on January 20 with a bullet injury to the back of the head. Module Islam is still missing. According to relatives, Glam Arabian was taken away by a large group of men at dawn on January 15.The men wore black uniforms resembling those of the ARAB, but they were not carrying rifles. The ARAB does not have a camp in the area, and denied any knowledge of Rabbis detention when questioned informally through friends and relatives who work for the ARAB. The police also denied knowledge of his whereabouts. Rabbis body was found on January 19 with two bullet wounds to his head and a rope around his neck. A relative who saw his corpse said it was bruised in several places, suggesting he had been tortured.Rabbis wife, Shania Begum, told Human Rights Watch that he should have been put on trial and punished if found guilty. l would even have accepted him being hanged after a proper trial. But what happened to him was murder and I seek Justice from the Bangladesh government, she said. A member of Samaras student wing, Shabbier, described to Human Rights Watch how he was beaten overall times after he was arrested in Dacha in October 2013: Seven to eight people beat me with fists, kicks, and a stick. I was handcuffed and one man held me and another one beat me.He knocked me to the ground, on the spot, there in the police station. The man said he was arrested along with two other men while leaving a mosque. He said the police believed they were a gang, but he said he had never seen the others before. He was released three months later. For most of that time he was held in Kashmir prison, outside Dacha: There were 200 in my cell, most were embers of the 18-party alliance [opposition]. It was so hot, it was suffocating. There were no beds, people slept on the floor.

Write a Sample of an Essay - How to Structure an Essay

Write a Sample of an Essay - How to Structure an EssayIn order to write a sample of an essay, it is helpful to write the essay over again in the same format. The writer can improve their ability to turn an idea into a logical sequence of ideas that he or she can work from the beginning to the end of the essay. This process allows the essay writer to create a format that allows him or her to use their imagination to come up with a coherent narrative without having to change the outline for the essay in any way. The rules for writing a sample of an essay are fairly straightforward and a good outline will help the writer to stay on track.Start by breaking down the essay into its basic sections. For example, begin by listing the various parts that make up the essay, and then add additional sections to the main body. Sometimes writers may find that they want to incorporate some more information into their sample of an essay, so they may need to include more sections in order to create a l ogical and concise structure for the essay.Some examples of sections that can be included in a sample of an essay include the following: Introduction, Chapter One, Chapter Two, Chapter Three, Chapter Four, and Chapter Five. Each of these sections is necessary to the flow of the essay, as well as providing additional information to the reader about the topic. It is also helpful to include this information in the middle of the essay rather than the beginning, which allows the author to continue to add information without overloading the reader with too much information in the beginning.Also, you will want to organize your paragraphs and the sentence structure as a whole. Be sure to break up the main information in each paragraph and also the most important information in each paragraph. Make sure that you do not over-use paragraph breaks or quotation marks because this can make the text confusing. The goal is to make sure that the individual paragraphs are read clearly and concisely w ithout being overwhelmed by the information contained within them.The key information that the reader will be looking for is easily found in the first paragraph of the essay. The introduction provides an introduction to the writer and gives them a little background information that they can use. The main body of the essay contains a summary of the topic and this summary is usually at the beginning of the body of the essay. Any information that is not relevant to the main idea of the essay will be included at the end of the body, as a concluding paragraph.Throughout the body of the essay, the writer can insert information into each paragraph that they think will be helpful to the reader. Some people have found that having important information at the beginning of each paragraph is helpful. When the information does not fit, however, the author can include a brief paragraph explaining why they chose to omit the information.The writing sample that you will use in order to write an essa y should be as short as possible. This is because the purpose of the sample is to show off the writer's skills and abilities while they are still developing them. However, if the essay is too long, the reader will lose interest before they even get to the good stuff.In addition to reading the sample of an essay, the reader will be able to read more about how to write a sample of an essay. The writer will be able to see how they will be able to complete the sample and if they have any tips that they can offer to help improve their own skills. These articles will give the author a chance to improve their own writing skills and allow them to gain more confidence in their ability to write a sample of an essay.

Nuremberg Trials - Martin Bormann Essays - SS-Obersturmbannfhrer

Nuremberg Trials - Martin Bormann On the night of October 15, 1946, ten of the twelve major war criminals, condemned to death at the Nuremberg trials, were executed. Of the two who eluded the hangman, one was ReichMarshal Hermann Goring, who committed suicide by swallowing a lethal vial of cyanide two hours before his execution. The other man was Reichsleiter Martin Bormann, who had managed to gain an enormous amount of power within the Nazi Party. He was virtually unknown outside of the Party elite as he had worked in the shadows of Hitler. As the end of the war drew near, many of the top Nazis were fleeing. Hermann Goring had fled west, and had been captured by American soldiers, after the death of Hitler had been announced. In Hitler's political will, Goring had been expelled from the party while Martin Bormann had been named Party Minister . According to Jochen Von Lang, Gobbels and Bormann had ?held a military briefing on the night of May 2, 1945. ? Gobbels had already decided to commit suicide but Bormann despe rately wanted to survive. The last entry into his diary was ?escape attempt! ? Martin Bormann's whereabouts after this night is unknown. There are many speculations as to his fate ranging from the probable to the spectacular. Reichsleiter Bormann who, according to A. Zoller, ?exercised absolute control over the whole structure of the Reich? and yet, virtually unknown to the public, was born June 17th, 1900. He was born in Saxon to a Postal Clerk. Bormann joined an anti-Semitic organization in 1920 and by 1923 he was a member of the Freikorps. During this period, he was imprisoned for a year for murder and one year after his release Bormann joined the Nazi Party as a financial administrator. By 1933 he had worked his way to being made a Reichsleiter, a General of the SS and the Chief of Staff to Rudolf Hess. When Hess took flight to England, Bormann gladly inherited his position and became Hitler's deputy. He had many enemies in the Party and Goring explained that even Goebbels feared him and his power . Bormann saw himself to be quite a noble character and in a letter to his wife dated April 2nd, 1945 he wrote that, ?if we are destined, like the Nebeliung, to perish in King Attila's hall, then we go to de ath proudly and with our heads held high.? For all his bravado, as the time to fight arrived, Bormann made a frantic attempt to survive. At the end of the war, the allied leaders decided to prosecute top Nazis as War Criminals in Nuremberg. As Martin Bormann was missing, it was decided that he would be tried in absentia. Although the allies had testimony stating that Bormann was dead, they ignored it because if ?Bormann at this point was to be declared dead by the court, and then to surface later on, die-hard Nazis would suspect that perhaps the Furher was alive too.? In order for allied credibility to remain intact, Bormann was to be tried for Crimes against Peace, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity. Dr. Friedrich Bergold was appointed to this difficult task of defending a missing man. He considered it ?a miscarriage of justice for the Tribunal to try his client in absentia.? The International Tribunal sentenced Reichsleiter Martin Bormann to death. The night of May 1-2, 1945 is the last known whereabouts of Martin Bormann. The Reichsleiter was desperately trying to leave Berlin alive. He had tried to negotiate with the Russians for a brief cease-fire in order for him to obtain a safe passage through the enemy's lines. It had been rejected. The survivors in the Fuhrerbunker were attempting to escape the city and every twenty minutes a group left. Bormann emerged wearing an SS uniform without rank and a leather overcoat. His pocket contained a copy of Hitler's will, securing him to power. His group, that included Axmann, Kempka and Stumpfegger, arrived at the Friedrichstrasse Subway station but were held up at the Weidendammer Bridge. The Russians held the other side of the bridge and therefore made it impossible to cross without the cover of tanks. Miraculously, some German tiger tanks and

The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay

The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay There are few things more American than crusty fruit-filled treat, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and a great, antiquated Bildungsroman (the recent being a German word, however I'm ready to look past it on the off chance that you are). A Bildungsroman is a transitioning story, an account in which the principle character develops and ends up as the story advances. We, as perusers, have the capacity really be display for the scenes of clash that shapes the character into who he inevitably gets to be. We are truly there with the character the entire adventure, importance there's no I-ponder what-made-him-turn-out-thusly addresses in our personalities. Imprint Twain's Huckleberry Finn takes after this structure as Huck encounters a standard transformation by grappling with his own convictions and practicing self-sufficiency from his general public. Before all else of the novel, we get with Huck where we exited him in Tom Sawyer. His existence with the Widow is agreeable, secure, and "sivilized". Truth be told, Huck reports, "at the outset I detested the school, yet before long I got so I could stand it...i was getting used to the widow's ways, as well, they warn't so rough on me...i like the old ways best, yet I was getting so I preferred the new ones, as well, a smidgen. The widow said I was going along moderate however beyond any doubt, and doing exceptionally acceptable (p. 27)". Huck is still a young person, in any case, and loves to mess around with alternate children and to lie and twist stories for his own delight. He once in a while contemplates the outcomes of his activities and neglects to see the effect it has on others. The primary sign of progress in Huck, on the other hand, is after he plays a trick on Jim by making him accept he was envisioning, "It was fifteen prior minutes I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger- -yet I done it, and I warn't ever sad for it thereafter, not one or the other. I didn't do him no more mean traps, and I wouldn't done that one on the off chance that I'd a knowed it would make him feel that way (p. 95)". This demonstrates a momentous feeling of compassion and obligation, particularly considering the way that Jim is a typical slave that may have been viewed as unimportant property as of now ever. In section XXIV, Huck witnesses the Duke and King confer shocking misrepresentation by lying about their characters to a family grieving the passing of a friend or family member. He says, "In the event that they warn't the beatenest parcel, them two cheats, that ever I struck. That being said, the men assembled around, and sympathized with them, and said assorted types of kind diminishes to tem, and conveyed their floor covering packs up a slope for them, and let them incline toward them and cry, and educated the ruler all concerning his sibling's last minutes, and the lord he let it know once more staring him in the face to the duke, and both of them tackled about that dead tanner like they'd lost the twelve pupils. All things considered, in the event that I ever struck anything like it, I'm a nigger. It was sufficient to make a body embarrassed about humankind (p.175-76)". Claiming to be another person is a strategy Huck has utilized every now and again up until this point (and con siderably after). How significant, then, that Huck considers their activities enough to make him "embarrassed about humanity" considering the way that they are white men. Obviously, we have the capacity see that Huck is starting to

Muslim jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Muslim jesus - Essay Example In Islam, however, while Jesus is not divine, he certainly existed and was regarded a great teacher of his day. Upon examining various accounts of Jesus and his time spent on earth, it is prudent to conclude that the Muslim account of Jesus is more similar to the true account of the historical Jesus as compared to the Jesus of the Christian faith. This report will, therefore, reflect the reality that the historical Jesus can be seen as more of a zealot or criminal as opposed to a divine being, as recounted in the varied accounts of the Christian gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. While Islamic teaching does regard Jesus as having been a human being who was a messenger of God, the Muslim faith rejects the idea that he was God, nor was he the begotten son of God. In fact, Islamic scripture teaches that anyone who believes that Jesus either God or the Son of God is Shirk. This is to mean that the individual has committed the sin of idolatry, as Islam teaching comes form the express point of view that there is only one true God, and that His prophet is Muhammed. To attach any status approaching divinity to the personhood of Jesus is simply wrong and cannot be accepted under the Islamic faith1. Muslims simply cannot reject the notion of God’s divine oneness, as that is a fundamental tenant of their faith. As such, to make the claim that the Muslim Jesus is divine would be equatable to committing an unpardonable sin. One of the arguments in the Christian faith is that Jesus is divine as represented by the concept of the Trinity. This is to say that God, Jesus the Son, and the Holy Sprit (the Essence of Jesus that has remained after His ascension to Heaven) are all divine and the same person. As such, since Jesus is part of the Trinity, Christians argue that He was and still is divine in his own right. This, again, rejected by Islamic teaching2. The Muslim perception

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following Essay

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following topics to investigate - Essay Example Several publications put an emphasis on the developments and realities of video conferencing. They illustrated case after case of people making use of video conferencing and avoiding travel (Davidson & Cope 2003). A number of companies, such as Siemens, LifeSize, and Cisco Systems, have been developing this form of technology for several years now (King 2009). Fortunately, or unfortunately for others, the rapid progress of the current economic crisis is speeding the pace of its implementation. It is not likely that video conferencing can replace business travel, yet companies are increasingly resorting to it as the drawback of the technology—such as dropped calls, wobbly connections, and confusing delays—mostly has been remedied (Tracy 2009). This essay is an attempt to discuss the possibility of video conferencing replacing business travel in the near future. Through specific examples and empirical evidence this essay aims to give light to this new trend in technology and business tourism industry. The current literature on this issue includes the inexpensiveness of video conferencing and transforming economics as well as the ‘not so sophisticated’ adaptations of the technology such as those provided by google, yahoo, or skype. These low- and high-tech video technologies are by now beginning to transform numerous procedures not just in the business tourism industry but also in other professional and skilled sectors of the economy. Several authors discussed particularly the effect of video conferencing on business travel and reduced popularity of business travel. For instance, Hewlett-Packard and Cisco have experienced a considerable growth rate in their video conferencing units over the recent decade (King 2009). The enterprise of video technology is fascinating in two points. First, from the point of view of the customers, although the direct capital needed is not negligible, it

The book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay John Steinbeck wrote the book Of Mice and Men in 1936 after Wall Street crashed in 1929 and overnight the great depression set in, in America. Everyone lost all their money after investing in the stock market and no one had any money and jobs because company collapsed due to the knock on affect of the crash. As a result, people forgot about trying to settle down with a family and just thought about trying to stay alive. But still in the back of their minds the American Dream still lived on and at some point would all like to have their own plot of land living a carefree life. To stay alive though to do this they had to get any money they could. They travel around the country as migrant workers just looking after themselves going for any job that came up. They had to keep going, from job to job, people had no time to make friends. There were two special characters though, two men who traveled around together and were both very close friends. Although you could call them the odd-couple, due to the fact that they were both very different. But they looked and cared after each other, were together for a long time and learned they were so close they had to keep travelling together and try to go at it wit each other. These two guys didnt really have much before the Wall Street crash and didnt need to care about making it all back. The story is about two people who dont just care about themselves but want to look after each other. These two people were Lennie and George. In the book George says Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world, they got no family. They dont belong no placebut us! An why? Because I got you to look after me and you got me to look after you John Steinbecks style carries a lot of symbolism. Even the town Soledad where its set means loneliness. All this shows that the lifestyle after the Wall Street crash forced people to go at it alone and the American Dream was getting further and further away. Steinbeck wrote this book because he saw the USA as a lonely place at the time. Even though Lennie and George have each other and arent as lonely as everyone else, there are still times wee they are lonely. When Lennie was younger all he had was his Aunt Clara who was the only one who looked after him and then she died. Until George came to live all the time with Lennie, all he had was his soft mice that he liked to pet. He had nothing else and was very lonely. Then when George came Lennie must have seen him as a savior and would do anything for him and listens to everything he does. But because he is mentally challenged he cant sometimes go through with his promises. When saying all this, John Steinbeck is expressing that Lennie and George are no two ordinary migrant workers doing it alone moving from place to place. Lennie and George are different because they stay together. But when Lennie acts like he does, George gets very annoyed and says God a mighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job an work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month came, I could take my fifty bucks and go into town ant get whatever I want. This makes Lennie sad, but really George wouldnt do this because he cares too much about Lennie. Lennie gets upset when people talk about leaving as he has had a lot of that happen to him in his life, with not knowing his parents and his Aunt Clara dying he has become sensitive to that happening and apologizes for whatever has made George say this very quickly. In the Book Candy is another very lonely character he is also symbolized through his dog who just goes through life then he gets quite old without making much significance and just kill him or send him off without say when hes worthless and dont care about his feelings. He is extra worthless as he got his hand lopped off in one of the farm machines and makes him not as useful as he was. This will happen to Candy, hell get fired and he knows this because he starts to get left out of everything. He knows time is not on his side and hell get canned before too long. This is why when he hears George and Lennie have a plan to get a farm and he had money to make this plan happen for all of them, (from compensation when he got his hand chopped off) he wants to be in on it so he cant be fired and would just do the easy jobs. Then he could stay with shelter and not get chucked out to die. I also think that he wants something to show for his life and the farm would be something good as the money he has wouldnt be a good indication for a successful life as he has no one to pass it on to. I think Steinbeck has put Candy into the book so there was another extreme of loneliness. The character shows that in America in the 30s no one had any respect or sympathy for old folk and when they get too old they are just sent out for the vultures not caring about feelings. This shows in Candy and when they are speaking to the stable buck and he says Nobody listen to you, Candy then says No he agreed Knowbody listen to us. This shows that Candy knows whats going on and his time is approaching fast. Crooks is also another extreme of loneliness just because he is black. He isnt even allowed to sleep in the same bunkhouse. They say I stink, but I say they stink. He says this, not because they smell but because he thinks the way they treat him stinks. Even on special occasions, for fun they beat him up. They dont treat him like a fellow human at times and dont like speaking to him. He gets lonely because he doesnt get to talk to anyone all day. This shows the racism of the time and how in America they still had the ideals of the slave trades and the black were nailed to the bottom of the social pile. Then in the book he wants to join in with the ranch plan as he thinks its his way out of hatred and the stereotypes. But eventually he rejected the ranch because he knew that he was also useless because he had a crooked back and he would be not respected, and he told Lennie that because he was mentally retarded that George might leave him. He says this because he is thinking about the thoughts of the times, but doesnt know that George would never leave Lennie. Another character is Curleys wife. She is very lonely and seeks for attention. This is because she is a woman and they just think she is someone who is just there to cure Curleys needs. But also she is a person. She said, Im stuck in the house all day and no one to talk to. People see her as a Tart because she seeks attention and flirts with all the workers on the ranch behind Curleys back, but Curly knows it is going on and gets very jealous and protective. She says when she was younger she met a man who could have put her in the movies, but when he sent her a letter saying she was in, her mum hid the letters because she was too young to leave. But maybe she had thought up these ideas that the man was actually interested in putting her in the movies or just trying to chat her up and then Curleys wife when she didnt hear anything might have blamed it on her mum and wanted to believe she was good enough to be in the movies. Then she left home to try and make her dream come true but never really had a plan. Then she met Curly and thought maybe this was the key to getting to the top, but now she is stuck on the ranch. She knows she will never fulfill her dreams. Steinbeck always refers to her as Curleys Wife and she never has a name all through the book. This is because no one needs or thinks it is necessary to get to know her because she is a woman. This character shows hatred of women at this time and how they meant nothing. All of the Characters, Crooks, Lennie, Candy and Curlys wife, have personalities that are lonely and in America at this time these personalities were outcasts. In the book they were excluded from everything because they were different. I also see Carlson as someone who thinks as a community and not for peoples feelings. For example at the end of the book when George has killed Lennie, then Slim is comforting him, he says Now what ya suppose is eatin them two guys? Not considering that George has just killed his old best friend who has traveled with for a long time. He cant understand why they feel this way, as he thinks as the community thinks at the time in how everyone has to try to do it for themselves and you cant have friends in this time but Lennie and George did. In the Book Slim and George get to know each other a bit. George likes to get to people and he thinks everybody is stupid not making any friends and being cautious of Everyone: -Maybe everbody in the whole damn world is scared of each other? He thinks everyone thinks they cant get to know anyone but he doesnt see this in George. John Steinbeck wrote this book in the 1030s when all these prejudiced feelings to people who are different were going on. He recognized this, what people were doing and how they were making everyone else lonely, but at the same time making themselves lonely too. When he wrote this he had a different character for all different aspects of loneliness and prejudice he could see in America at the time. He described it through migrant workers due to how on the farms it was capitalist with the boss looking down on his workers and by doing this, also people wanted to be the boss and not have to look up to people. To do it, they couldnt really do it with everyone else because than he couldnt have anyone else to look down on, so they had to go alone. Owning a farm somewhere and being your own boss was back than the American Dream. But by going alone they would never have enough money, so as their dream fails, along with it, so does their spirit. These 3 points show hoe different aspects of life all culminated to kill their spirit and make them lonely. It all spirited from themselves.

Role of Nature in Mary Shelley’s Mathilda Essays -- Mathilda

Role of Nature in Mary Shelley’s Mathilda The naturalistic imagery that pervades Mary Shelley’s Mathilda acts as an underlying theme for the incestuous affair between Mathilda and her father and its unruly consequences. Their relationship is a crime against the laws of Nature and causes Mathilda to become ostracized from the very world that she loved as a child. Shelley’s implementation of naturalistic imagery accentuates the unlawful and subsequent ramifications of the relationship between Mathilda and her father and contrasts the ideals and boundaries of the natural and spiritual worlds. Naturalistic imagery encompasses Mathilda’s childhood as she is prompted to take solace in Nature due to the lack of affection she receives from her stern aunt, whom she describes as being a "plant beneath a thick covering of ice" (1343). Mathilda besets a dreary childhood lacking in affection and companionship by becoming lost in the dynamics of Nature: "I loved everything, even the inanimate objects that surrounded me. I believe that I bore an individual attachment to every tree in our park; every animal that inhabited it knew me and I loved them†¦But my pleasure arose from the contemplates of nature alone, I had no companion: my warm affections finding no return from any other human heart were forced to run waste on inanimate objects" (1343-44). The lack of human affection that she experiences incites her to long for the father that abandoned her as an infant. Mathilda likens herself to being a solitary being that "brought Rosalind and Miranda and the lady of Comus to life to be my companions, or on my isle acted over their parts imagining myself to be in their situations" (1344). The reference to Rosalind from Shakespeare’s As You Like ... ...I should raise my eyes fearlessly to meet his, which ever beamed with the soft lustre of innocent love" (1373). It is fitting that it is Nature that commences the end of Mathilda’s life. She grows mortally ill after becoming lost in the forest after Woodville leaves, and then during her last days, she chooses to die surrounded by Nature: "I caused myself to be led once more to behold the face of nature" (1376). Death represents rebirth to Mathilda, in which she can exist in a world that won’t judge her feelings as unfit. In her farewell to Woodville, Mathilda illustrates her feelings of alienation from the natural world and how death will allow for her to escape such feelings: "Farewell, Woodville, the turf will soon be green on my grave; and the violets will bloom on it. There is my hope and my expectation; your’s are in this world; may they be fulfilled" (1376).

Platonic Love Essay

In the Symposium, which is normally dated at the beginning of the middle period, Plato introduces his theory of love. First thing to note is that in Plato’s theory, love is given and its existence is not questioned. The word love leaves the matter ambiguous as to whether we are discussing love in the normal, human, sense of the word, or if we are discussing desire in a much broader sense, but in this discussion we are only considering only love of type eros, love as a kind of desire that exists between two human beings. Symposium, is a dialogue by Plato, about a dinner party in honor of the tragedian Agathon, after they have finished eating Phaedrus suggests that each person in turn should make a speech about the praise of god of love. Symposium not only gives us theory of Forms in Diotima’s discussion of the Form of Beauty, but it also gives us a number of varying perspectives on love. One more important thing to consider is that Diotima is not known to be a historical figure, and the way in which she is introduced suggests that she is almost certainly just a literary device developed by Plato to express his own ideas. In this theory, we see Plato rejecting the romanticization of sexual love, valuing above all an asexual and all-consuming passion for wisdom and beauty. Plato clearly regards actual physical or sexual contact between lovers as degraded and wasteful forms of erotic expression. Because the true goal of eros is real beauty and real beauty is the Form of Beauty, what Plato calls Beauty Itself, eros finds its fulfillment only in Platonic philosophy. Unless it channels its power of love into â€Å"higher pursuits,† which culminate in the knowledge of the Form of Beauty, eros is doomed to frustration. For this reason, Plato thinks that most people sadly squander the real power of love by limiting themselves to the mere pleasures of physical beauty. For understanding of Plato’s description of love it is very important to firstly understand his notions, about structure of knowledge and his ideas on appearance and reality . Plato has given allegory of the cave and the line to explain the difference between reality and appearance, through which Plato means to depict four ways of thinking, and he has defined the structure of knowledge by giving specific order to these four ways and knowledge according to Plato is to rise along this structure. He puts images of the objects on the lowest level, above which he puts objects. Above the object is the concept of the object developed from the object, which lead to the highest and purest form of thinking, ‘pure concept’, concept which is independent of the object. Here the first two levels of knowledge differ significantly from the last two. Plato argues that one can only have opinions about the first two levels (objects and images), because there is no certainty about them. They exist in the reality, so they are subject to change, and this certainty is achieved in the later of the two levels. According to Plato from the pure concept we can derive the â€Å"form†, which gives us the essence. Here one more important thing to realize is that for Plato, we are born with knowledge, it is just that we have forgotten it, so going through this ladder to achieve the form is merely a way of recollection. Love is one of the form of desire, where desire implies the lack of something. Love as a word can be used in two ways noun or verb, thus it can mean objects of love or acts of love, and while formulating a theory of love it is very important to know which one precedes the other. In Plato’s theory of love, it is very evident that for Plato love is an object and the acts of the love are derived from the objects of love. These acts should be directed towards achieving of objects of love. After having an idea about the structure of knowledge for Plato, it is easier to understand the methods he adopts to derive the parameters for objects of love and how to achieve the form of love. In Symposium, Socrates is just restating the account of love given to him by a woman named Diotima. In this dialogue Socrates derives various parameters of love through a series of questions, which he asks to Agathon. As mentioned earlier, love is a form of desire one of the parameter of objects of love is that it should be desirable. Also from the arguments between Agthon and Socrates, one can deduce that being beautiful is also one of the parameter to become an object of love. Here one important thing to note is that whether something is beautiful or not is objective not subjective. Further by the example of wealth, health and strength, Socrates argues that not only desiring the object once, but also the continuance of the desirability, is a parameter for the object of love. After which Socrates asks Agathon whether good is beautiful or not, to which Agathon replies that he can not refute Socrates, But Socrates replies by arguing that Agathon can not refute the truth that is why he can not refute him. Thus we can derive that for Socrates , being good is also one of the parameter for becoming the object of love. After discussing the nature of the objects of love and also the structure of knowledge, it is easier to understand how to achieve the form of love. To achieve the true love, first step is to love worldly images and objects, from which one can derive the concept of good beauty through the encounters with beautiful particulars. From the concept of beauty one can derive the form of beauty or the eternal beauty, according to Plato true and pure love is nothing but the form of beauty. According to him, the person who has achieved the form of beauty will suddenly perceive a nature of wondrous beauty. Thus for Plato love is ascending from the particulars to form of beauty, which indicates that Plato believes that love for objects of love can not be true love, they are just means to achieve the form of beauty. One can also deduce from here, that Platonic love operates through a standard. Thus the true order of going is to begin from the beauties of the worldly images or objects and mount upwards for the sake of other beauties, using these as steps only to go to all fair forms and from fair forms to fair practices and from fair practices to fair notions, until from fair notion we arrive at the concept of the absolute beauty and at last know what is the essence of beauty.

George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution

A notable officer during the American Revolution (1775-1783), Brigadier General George Rogers Clark earned fame for his exploits against the British and Native Americans in the Old Northwest. Born in Virginia, he trained as a surveyor before becoming involved with the militia during Lord Dunmores War in 1774. As the war with the British commenced and attacks on American settlers along the frontier intensified, Clark obtained permission to lead a force west into present-day Indiana and Illinois to eliminate British bases in the region.   Moving out in 1778, Clarks men conducted a daring campaign that saw them take control of key posts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. The last was captured following the Battle of Vincennes which saw the Clark use trickery to aid in compelling the British to surrender. Dubbed the Conqueror of the Old Northwest, his successes significantly weakened British influence in the area.   Early Life George Rogers Clark was born November 19, 1752, at Charlottesville, VA. The son of John and Ann Clark, he was the second of ten children. His youngest brother, William, would later gain fame as the co-leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Around 1756, with the intensification of the French Indian War, the family left the frontier for Caroline County, VA. Though largely educated at home, Clark did briefly attend Donald Robertsons school along with James Madison. Trained as a surveyor by his grandfather, he first traveled into western Virginia in 1771. A year later, Clark pressed further west and made his first trip to Kentucky. Surveyor Arriving via the Ohio River, he spent the next two years surveying the area around Kanawha River and educating himself on the regions Native American population and its customs. During his time in Kentucky, Clark saw the area changing as the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix had opened it to settlement. This influx of settlers led to increasing tensions with the Native Americans as many tribes from north of the Ohio River used Kentucky as a hunting ground. Made a captain in the Virginia militia in 1774, Clark was preparing for an expedition to Kentucky when fighting erupted between the Shawnee and settlers on the Kanawha. These hostilities ultimately evolved into Lord Dunmores War. Taking part, Clark was present at the Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774, which ended the conflict in the colonists favor. With the end of the fighting, Clark resumed his surveying activities. Becoming a Leader As the American Revolution began in the east, Kentucky faced a crisis of its own. In 1775, land speculator Richard Henderson concluded the illegal Treaty of Watauga by which he purchased much of western Kentucky from the Native Americans. In doing so, he hoped to form a separate colony known as Transylvania. This was opposed by many of the settlers in the area and in June 1776, Clark and John G. Jones were dispatched to Williamsburg, VA to seek aid from the Virginia legislature. The two men hoped to convince Virginia to formally extend its boundaries west to include the settlements in Kentucky. Meeting with Governor Patrick Henry, they convinced him to create Kentucky County, VA and received military supplies to defend the settlements. Before departing, Clark was appointed a major in the Virginia militia. The American Revolution Moves West Returning home, Clark saw fighting intensify between the settlers and Native Americans. The latter were encouraged in their efforts by the Lieutenant Governor of Canada, Henry Hamilton, who provided arms and supplies. As the Continental Army lacked the resources to protect the region or mount an invasion of the Northwest, defense of Kentucky was left to the settlers. Believing that the only way to halt Native American raids into Kentucky was to attack British forts north of the Ohio River, specifically Kaskaskia, Vincennes, and Cahokia,   Clark requested permission from Henry to lead an expedition against enemy posts in the Illinois Country. This was granted and Clark was promoted to lieutenant colonel and directed to raise troops for the mission. Authorized to recruit a force of 350 men, Clark and his officers sought to pull men from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. These efforts provided difficult due to competing manpower needs and a larger debate regarding whether Kentucky should be defended or evacuated. Kaskaskia Gathering men at Redstone Old Fort on the Monongahela River, Clark ultimately embarked with 175 men in mid-1778. Moving down the Ohio River, they captured Fort Massac at the mouth of the Tennessee River before moving overland to Kaskaskia (Illinois). Taking the residents by surprise, Kaskaskia fell without a shot fired on July 4. Cahokia was captured five days later by a detachment led by Captain Joseph Bowman as Clark moved back east and a force was sent ahead to occupy Vincennes on the Wabash River. Concerned by Clarks progress, Hamilton departed Fort Detroit with 500 men to defeat the Americans. Moving down the Wabash, he easily retook Vincennes which was renamed Fort Sackville. Back to Vincennes With winter approaching, Hamilton released many of his men and settled in with a garrison of 90. Learning that Vincennes had fallen from Francis Vigo, an Italian fur trader, Clark decided that urgent action was required lest the British be in a position to reclaim the Illinois Country in the spring. Clark embarked on a daring winter campaign to retake the outpost. Marching with around 170 men, they endured severe rains and flooding during the 180-mile march. As an added precaution, Clark also dispatched a force of 40 men in a row galley to prevent a British escape down the Wabash River. Victory at Fort Sackville Arriving at Fort Sackville on February 23, 1780, Clark divided his force in two giving command of the other column to Bowman. Using terrain and maneuver to trick the British into believing their force numbered around 1,000 men, the two Americans secured the town and built an entrenchment in front of the forts gates. Opening fire on the fort, they compelled Hamilton to surrender the next day. Clarks victory was celebrated throughout the colonies and he was hailed as the conqueror of the Northwest. Capitalizing on Clarks success, Virginia immediately laid claim to the entire region dubbing it Illinois County, VA. Continued Fighting Understanding that the threat to Kentucky could only be eliminated by the capture of Fort Detroit, Clark lobbied for an attack on the post. His efforts failed when he was unable to raise enough men for the mission. Seeking to regain the ground lost to Clark, a mixed British-Native American force led by Captain Henry Bird raided south in June 1780. This was followed in August by a retaliatory raid north by Clark which struck Shawnee villages in Ohio. Promoted to brigadier general in 1781, Clark again attempted to mount an attack on Detroit, but reinforcements sent to him for the mission were defeated en route. Later Service In one of the final actions of the war, Kentucky militia was badly beaten at the Battle of Blue Licks in August 1782. As the senior military officer in the region, Clark was criticized for the defeat despite the fact he had not been present at the battle. Again retaliating, Clark attacked the Shawnee along the Great Miami River and won the Battle of Piqua. With the end of the war, Clark was appointed superintendent-surveyor and charged with surveying land grants given to Virginian veterans. He also worked to help negotiate the Treaties of Fort McIntosh (1785) and Finney (1786) with the tribes north of the Ohio River. Despite these diplomatic efforts, tensions between the settlers and Native Americans in the region continued to escalate leading to the Northwest Indian War. Tasked with leading an force of 1,200 men against the Native Americans in 1786, Clark had to abandon the effort due to a shortage of supplies and the mutiny of 300 men. In the wake of this failed effort, rumors circulated that Clark had been drinking heavily during the campaign. Incensed, he demanded that an official inquiry be made to repudiate these rumors. This request was declined by the Virginia government and he was instead rebuked for his actions. Final Years Departing Kentucky, Clark settled in Indiana near present-day Clarksville. Following his move, he was plagued by financial difficulties as he had financed many of his military campaigns with loans. Though he sought reimbursement from Virginia and the federal government, his claims were declined because insufficient records existed to substantiate his claims. For his wartime services Clark had been awarded large land grants, many of which he was ultimately forced to transfer to family and friends to prevent seizure by his creditors. With few remaining options, Clark offered his services to Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, the ambassador of revolutionary France, in February 1793. Appointed a major general by Genà ªt, he was ordered to form an expedition for drive the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley. After personally financing the expeditions supplies, Clark was forced to abandon the effort in 1794 when President George Washington forbade American citizens from violating the nations neutrality. Aware of Clarks plans, he threatened to dispatch US troops under Major General Anthony Wayne to block it. With little choice but to abandon the mission, Clark returned to Indiana where his creditors deprived him of all but a small plot of land. For remainder of his life, Clark spent much of his time operating a gristmill. Suffering a severe stroke in 1809, he fell into a fire and badly burned his leg necessitating its amputation. Unable to care for himself, he moved in with his brother-in-law, Major William Croghan, who was a planter near Louisville, KY. In 1812, Virginia finally recognized Clarks services during the war and granted him a pension and ceremonial sword. On February 13, 1818, Clark suffered another stroke and died. Initially buried at Locus Grove Cemetery, Clarks body and those of his family were moved to Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville in 1869.