Satire in Jonathan Swift´s Gullivers Travels - 1944 Words

In the early eighteenth-century, Irish writer Jonathan Swift produced one of the most printed novels known to date. The novel, Gulliver’s Travels, not only received recognition for being reprinted an immense amount of time, but also for the satire found within the novel. Swift intended his novel to be used as a scapegoat in which he would reveal his opinion on the English society. Swift was able to demonstrate this satire through the four part plot of Gulliver’s Travels. Each part of the novel told the journey of the protagonist and focal character, Lemuel Gulliver, to an unknown island. Lemuel Gulliver spent a majority of his life bouncing around from place to place until settling in London as a practicing doctor. Once Gulliver’s business†¦show more content†¦The size of a Lilliputian’s heel illustrated whether he belonged to the group supporting or opposing the Emperor and his rule. Gulliver then gained insight that the Lilliputians are in a war with neighboring island Belfescu over matter that no one seemed to remember. With time, it surfaced that the reason of the endless war is over which end an egg is properly cracked at. Lilliputians believed the correct way to crack an egg was with the small end, while some rejected this belief and adapted that the correct way to crack an egg was with the big end. The problems Gulliver learned about the Lilliputian society and government acts as a parallel to that in England. The tactic by which government officials are appointed in Lilliput is meant to criticize England’s system of appointing and its unprofessionalism. The split in Lilliputian society into little heels and big heels adheres to the two political parties in England, the Tories and Whigs. The argument over how to crack an egg, leading to an endless war with Belfescu, mirrors the history of England. The split into Lilliput and Belfescu represents the break in church between Catholics and Protestants. The war represents the on going battle between England and France over a reason no one can recollect. Gulliver found the problems in the Lilliputian’s society to be pointless, while they found it to be critical. Gulliver’s journey in Lilliput stresses that there is no point for Tories and Whigs, England and France, or theShow MoreRelatedGulliver s Travels By Jona than Swift1116 Words   |  5 PagesGulliver’s Travels was written by Jonathan Swift in 1721. Jonathan Swift, born in 1667 was an Irish satirist, poet and pamphleteer. He later became Duke of the St Patrick Cathedral in Dublin (Ireland). He was also a minister between 1710 and 1714 (Swift Biography 1). â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† tells the story of Gulliver as he travels throughout the world and meets different societies. Each trip allows him to encounter some fascinating civilizations. The first trip of Gulliver is Lilliput, where the populationRead MoreGulliver ´s Travels by Jonathan Swift: Biographical Summary1982 Words   |  8 PagesGulliver’s Travels – Jonathan Swift – Biographical Summary Jonathan Swift was born on November 30, 1667 in Ireland to English parents, Jonathan and Abigail. His father, Jonathan, died shortly after his birth, leaving his mother to raise him and his sister alone. In Ireland, Swift was dependent on a nanny for three years because his mother moved to England. The young man was educated because of the patronage of his Uncle, Godwin Swift. Godwin sent him to Kilkenny Grammar School at age six, whichRead MoreJonathan Swift s Literary Canon Of Politically And Comically Prolific Satires996 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Statement: Jonathan Swift’s literary canon of politically and comically-prolific satires, fantasies, and allegories was seasoned with his exposure to the follies of the economic, religious and governing institutions of the British Empire, and thus, he sought to lampoon and caricature the current events and social, cultural, religious, and political trends that were so omnipotent during his lifetime. Swift’s exposure to the monarchical mentality and rife factional conflicts pervading the politicalRead MoreExploring the Ways Jonathan Swift Satirises England of the 1720s818 Words   |  4 PagesExploring the Ways Jonathan Swift Satirises England of the 1720s In this essay, I will be considering some of the ways Jonathan Swift satirises the English society. I will be focusing on the effect of his book Gullivers Travels both when it was written and on a modern day audience. Gullivers Travels was published in 1726. Jonathan Swift caused a huge riot because of the way he wrote the book. Satire is making a mockery of people or a group of people in a sarcasticRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels 1933 Words   |  8 Pagesof Jonathan Swift’s writings there are many commonalities. One in particular that stands out is the use of satire throughout both â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels†, which tells the story of a series of voyages of Lemuel Gulliver’s published in 1726, and â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, where Swift uses the idea of cannibalism to captivate his audience as well as focus on society’s problems. Throughout Swift’s life, politics and religion had a huge impact on him and more importantly, his writing. Many of the satires thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels 2033 Words   |  9 Pages​Jonathan Swift was a writer known for his use of satire: the application of humor, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose and criticize. At a glance, the novel seems to be a travel log of Lemuel Gulliver’s adventures, but is primarily a work of satire. Through Gulliver’s Travels, Swift strives to satirize the eighteenth century humanity. Swift was titled a misanthrope, a hater of humanity, his misanthropy rose from his disappointment in mankind. Swift utilizes Gulliver in satirizing the populationRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s The Revolutionary War 1583 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Rice Schmidt – 1 Research Paper 23 September 2014 Jonathan Swift The Revolutionary War is one, if not the most memorable time of American history. It is what started the beginning of the land of the free. The colonization and tyranny of England was not just felt in the thirteen colonies that became America but also in places such as Ireland. Authors such as Jonathan Swift not only acted as literary geniuses but as a way for modern day historians to see the effects of colonization and the hardshipsRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Jonathan Swift1425 Words   |  6 PagesComp. II Oct. 27, 2015 Literary analysis The author I decided to write about is Jonathan Swift for he had a keen sense for effective sarcasm. As Jonathan Swift said â€Å"The proper words in the proper places are the true definition of style.† Though he was known in different ways, he was mostly popularized through his gift in writing, particularly his satire, or his use of humor and irony, essays. Through out swift life, there has been plenty of events where I believe shape the way he was, hence hisRead More Satire2542 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own† (Swift). Such beholders, as Jonathan Swift astutely emphasizes, are intended, through guidance of satiric narrative, to recognize social or political plights. In some satires, as in Swift’s own A Modest Proposal, the use of absurd, blatant exaggeration is intended to capture an indolent audience’s attention regarding the social state of the poor. Yet even in such a direct satire, there exists anotherRead MoreBiographical Summary : Jonathan Swift1982 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Jonathan Swift was born in the land of Dublin, Ireland on November 30th, 1667. Swift was born to English parents, Jonathan and Abigale Swift. Unfortunately, Swift’s father passed away before his son’s birth. At the age of three, Swift was raised by his late father’s family. He attended Kilkenny Grammar School with fellow student William Congreve, who would later become a dramatist. From there, Swift moved on to attend Trinity College in Dublin and Hart Hall in Oxford. Swift would acquire

U.s. State Of New Jersey - 1549 Words

Israel, a country slightly smaller than the U.S. state of New Jersey, is located in the Middle East. It borders the Mediterranean Sea for a length of 168 miles. In the south and southwest, it borders the Gulf of Aqaba and the Sinai Peninsula. Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula during the war of June 1967 and returned it to Egypt in April 1982. To the east, it shares a 147-mile borderline with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and 189 miles with the Palestinian Autonomous Area on the western shore of the Jordan River. In the north, Israel shares 49 miles of borders with Lebanon, and with Syria for 47 miles on the disputed Golan Heights. Current History 2,000 years after the destruction of Israel by the Romans, Israel was created by†¦show more content†¦However the arrangement was unsuccessful, Israel was seen as an express that would utilize assault as a method for resistance. In 1977, a visit to Jerusalem by the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, began a peace process between Egypt and Israel. It was the first and most basic of any treaty between Israel and its neighbors. Sadat s contemporary in Israel was Head Chairman Menachem Begin. The main issue of contention between Sadat and Begin was the West Bank. In 1978, the US President Jimmy Carter invited Begin and Sadat to Camp David, and there they made a comprehension on an essential level that was made up for lost time by a deal in 1979. Israel assented to hand back to Egypt the whole of the Sinai, and Egypt agreed to see Israel. Israel s edges on one flank had at long last been settled. Besides, the way that the peace between the two countries has not been a warm one, it has held. In 1977 a visit to Jerusalem by the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat opened the door to a peace understanding between Egypt and Israel, the first and most fundamental of the agreements between Israel and the surrounding countries. Sadat s counterpart in Israel was Prime Minister Begin. Sinai in his vision and ended up being a peacemaker with Egypt. In 1978, the US President Jimmy Carter invited Begin and Sadat to Camp David, near Washington, and there they made an agreement in principle

Factors affecting Sales Performance of Hotels-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Factors affecting Sales Performance of Hotels and Restaurants in Australia. Answer: Introduction The primary significant features of business in the hotel and restaurant industry are that demand can never be fully managed by the firms. This is attributed to the fact that external factors determine the need for hotels and restaurant, namely preferences of customers, competitive pricing, state of the economy (Sainaghi, Phillips, and Corti, 2013; Wang, Chen Chen, 2012). However, the business performance of the hotels is also affected by internal factors like degree of investment and innovation, the size of the business and workers costs (Sainaghi, Phillips and Corti, 2013). Therefore, to the companies in the hospitality industry to thrive, they must offer quality and high-class customer services. The senior management can establish sales performance cultures by being committed to excellence through their active participation in the progress of lasting associations with the customers (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Such a culture will reduce the rates of staff turnover and increase thei r satisfaction. The Malcolm Baldridge National Award (MBNQA) went to the Ritz-Carlton hotel corporation of the USA because it delivered high-class services and the best hotel practices in the hospitality industry (Brown, 2013). Evans and Lindsay (2011) suggest that the hotel gained its superior quality because it focused on technological advancement and employee performance. Most of the hotels and restaurants in Australia are well-known tourist centers, for instance, Royal Mail Hotel, Echoes Boutique Hotel and Restaurant Blue Mountains, Altitude Restaurant among others. These hotels and some more provide superior quality services and personalized services and are featured with swimming pools, modern fitness centers, conference halls, indoor and outdoor events. However, in Victoria the prominent hotels that exist there are not up to standard from the perspective of a developed country like Australia even though they might be first class hotels in developing countries. Some of the hotels that were prominent in Victoria decades ago have since gone down despite the advantage of strategic location, space, and resource. This project proposal focuses on providing evidence of the factors that impact the sales output of the hotels and restaurants. Project Obectives This proposal's aim is to find out the factors that affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Australia. Furthermore, this research analyses the effects of such factors on customers response with the aim of developing an in-depth understanding of the objective Project Scope This study is to cover large hotels and restaurants with a minimum of thirty guest rooms and conference facilities within and without. The target participants shall include employees, top-level managers, and customers within the state of Victoria. Literature Review The service industry is different from the manufacturing industry, and thus the provision of services and products respectively varies widely. For instance, the manufacturing industry uses special offer and huge discounts to increase sales whereas the service industry focuses on the increased levels of customer satisfaction which keeps them loyal. Reece, (2012) asserts that most of the businesses in the service industry retain their customers by offering high-class services. Management of Customer Relationship The perception of service quality by the customer depends on the service they have received and the extent of their satisfaction or expectation (Dabholkar, 2015). A performing organization makes use of customer information after gathering by use of questionnaires and interview with the aim of understanding their needs and then embarks on strategies how to meet them. Angelova and Zekiri, (2011) suggest that businesses should analyze the customers attitudes towards their service delivery and level of customer satisfaction by engaging them. Most of the research indicates that dissatisfied customers talk more about their worst encounter with an organization that their joyful experience (Klee and Westgard, 2014). Existing studies show a connective link between customer loyalty and satisfaction and a connection between organizational performance and loyalty of customer (Siddiqi, 2011). Innovation and productivity The research by Wang et al. (2012) on the hotels in Taiwan found out that the total quality management affected the hotels performance positively and thus established the link between innovation and profitability in the hospitality industry. Sandvik, Duhan, and Sandvik (2014) through their study found out that competitive advantage was majorly attained through innovativeness. The results showed a connected link where innovation positively influenced market demand which further affected profitability positively. Furthermore, Assaf, and Agbola, (2011) in their study on the performance of Australian hotels found out that increase in productivity is mostly influenced by the advancement in technology compared with the effect of labor and capital which is less felt. Organizational planning Practices Proper strategic plans and work systems by the management can offer the business a competitive advantage and thus maximize profits. The implementation of the programs should be done after it is assessed as realistic and viable by the experts and then the manager should be the first to embrace and initiate a campaign towards the employees to adopt and implement them, and the customers will only follow the example (Johnson et al., 2013). Successful compensation programs are essential towards sales performance. Chung, Steenburgh, and Sudhir (2013) researched the connection between compensation and performance of employees. The outcomes indicated that those employees that were frequently rewarded for excellence were more satisfied with their jobs and this was reflected in the quality of customer service which had a positive ripple effect on customer loyalty and sales performance. Creating Employee Loyalty The existing and future Customers are the only ones from whom organizations can create value from. The successful businesses according to are those that acquire new customers while retaining the old ones (Kotler and Armstrong, 2013). Stiff marketing competition in the industry makes the customers rational because of the availability of abundant choice to choose from and thus for a business to survive it must offer unique value its services. The management should support behavioral values by rewarding best performing employees and observe their strengths and weaknesses to align with their capabilities. The administration should seek to motivate the employees by meeting their expectations at the workplace and avoiding unnecessary emotional torture for this will be replicated in their performance. Conceptual Framework Customer Services Most of the big hotels major on the customer satisfaction and development of a strong association with them and thus continually widening their market share, profits and market sustainability. The levels of customer satisfaction, loyalty, and organizational sales are directly associated and significantly increase with the period of customers loyalty (Flint, Blocker, and Boutin, 2011). According to the study by Steven, Dong, and Dresner (2012), most businesses fail because of reduced levels of customer satisfaction. Human and Capital Resources Expert employee skills and sufficient capital funds can affect the performance of hotels as regards to sales by offering adequate services to the customers. Employees that are the well-equipped regarding skills and competence and a positive attitude can be relied upon to provide quality services alongside information technology which can also be a competitive advantage which results in improved performance of the business Steven, Dong, and Dresner (2012). Buller and McEvoy (2012) by showed that human resource in an organization is critical to its general performance. The research found that human resource functions such as training, motivation and work relationships contributed more to the performance of the business. Organizational branding The brand image which is inclusive of the name of a product, visible features and appearance are significant on how the customer makes selective choices from the existing ones in the market. Kaufmann, Panni, and Orphanidou (2012) assert that customer behavior is affected by marketing factors such as availability of goods and services, promotion, image and the characteristics of the consumers. Therefore, the brand is key to the acceptance by customers. Brand/product preference or popularity is affected by the current perception of the quality of services about another provider within the same industry. A high brand image generates customer loyalty and sales in addition to market value (Solomon, 2014). Sales Performance Business sales performance is directly associated with profitability and customer satisfaction. Research shows that organizations with long-time customers have high sales performance than their competitors who enjoy a more significant market share of top customer turnover. Evans and Lindsay (2011) conducted a research and found out that businesses can improve their sales performance to approximately 100% through the retention of 5 percent of their customers more than their competitors with a competitive advantage because the cost of retaining former customers is lower than that of acquiring new customers. Reseach Questions In agreement with the outcomes of the literature review, this study aims to analyze the factors that affect sales performance of hotels and restaurants and the corresponding influence of such factors on customers response in Victoria. Thus, the following research questions are proposed: Primary Question Does organizational branding have any effect on the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria? Secondary Hypotheses Does customer services offered in hospitality industry affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria? What are the influences of the HRM functions on the sales performance of hotels and restaurants? Reseach Design and Methodology Qualitative research The purpose of this qualitative study will be to find out the factors that affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria. The study will use face-to-face interviews with the employees in the hotels, adapting with work situations. A summarized unstructured interview will be used to try and comprehend fundamental issues regarding the hotels. The perception of the employees regarding their work environment, in general, will be sought for (Saunders, 2011). The gathered data will be recorded down and analyzed later. This proposal expects to sample out fifteen employees out of the target population of all workers from the fifty selected hotels and restaurants. Quantitative research Questionnaires (Appendix 1) shall be used to collect data from all the employees of the fifty selected hotels and restaurants and are to be hand-delivered to the respective employees after granting of permission by the management. The target population is 100 employees from the fifty hotels, with a sample size of twenty employees comprising of five supervisors and fifteen junior workers. The questionnaire shall consist of both open and close-ended questions to enable the participants to give their opinions and to ensure relevancy of the responses respectively. Sales performance is to be taken as the dependent variable whereas customer services, human and capital resources, and organization branding as independent variables. Validity and Reliability To guarantee validity and reliability of the measuring instrument will be used to ensure the responses are not biased. The consistency of each item will be analyzed to ensure the reliability of the responses from the participants. Furthermore, reliability across all independent items will be guaranteed by correlating them with each other. To ensure that the measured content is valid, the instruments will include a representation of specific details. The higher the number of representative items the higher the validity of the content (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). Data Analysis Method The collected data through interviews and questionnaires will be checked for reliability and verification did then organized, coded, tabulated and then analyzed to interpret the outcomes in alignment with the formulated research questions. Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be employed in the data analysis and presentation u in the form of charts, graphs for easy interpretation. Research Limitations The projected limitation to the success of this study will be the denial to access the necessary data and personnel in the hotels and restaurants of interest. The success of this study is substantially dependent on the permission of the hotel and restaurant management to interview the staff and the access to some vital information. Furthermore, this study is only restricted to the hotels in Victoria, and thus a generalization of its outcome should be applied cautiously in countries with different levels of economic growth and cultural background. Time Schedule The study is expected to last for approximately one year beginning in November 2017. The expenses associated with the research shall be met by the researcher from its inception to the conclusion. The table below shows the details of each task and period Name of Task Start Date End Date Duration(Days) Project proposal organization 10/10/2017 19/11/2017 40 Literature review 22/11/2017 21/01/2018 60 Data collection process 05/02/2018 05/06/2018 120 Data analysis process 10/06/2018 09/08/2018 60 Report presentation 20/08/2018 19/09/2018 30 Conclusion The hospitality industry keeps changing because it is hugely dependent on the customers whose needs and preferences vary as well with time. The management has the responsibility for monitoring these variations and aligning their service delivery with these changes to achieve the organization's objectives and increase sales performance. Activities such as organizational branding, innovation, and productivity, employee loyalty, etc. are some practices that the management usually undertakes to respond to the changes in customer preferences. References Angelova, B. and Zekiri, J., 2011. Measuring customer satisfaction with service quality using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model).International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,1(3), p.232. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7bda/a7c64934afa318aa33e7ce6c03dcaacd3bc6.pdf Assaf, A.G. and Agbola, F.W., 2011. Modelling the performance of Australian hotels: a DEA double bootstrap approach.Tourism Economics,17(1), pp.73-89. Brown, M.G., 2013.Baldrige Award Winning Quality--: How to Interpret the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence. CRC Press. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Chung, D.J., Steenburgh, T. and Sudhir, K., 2013. Do bonuses enhance sales productivity? A dynamic structural analysis of bonus-based compensation plans.Marketing Science,33(2), pp.165-187. Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Larson, R., 2014. Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 35-54). Springer Netherlands. Dabholkar, P.A., 2015. How to improve perceived service quality by increasing customer participation. InProceedings of the 1990 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference(pp. 483-487). Springer, Cham. Evans, R.J. and Landsay, M.W., 2011. The Management and control of quality (8ed.) Flint, D.J., Blocker, C.P. and Boutin, P.J., 2011. Customer value anticipation, customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical examination.Industrial marketing management,40(2), pp.219-230. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. International edition Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013.Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson. Kaufmann, H.R., Panni, M.F.A.K. and Orphanidou, Y., 2012. FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMERS'GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.Amfiteatru Economic,14(31), p.50. Klee, G.G. and Westgard, J.O., 2014. 7 Quality Management.Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book, p.90. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G., 2013. Principles of Marketing (16th Global Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, Pearson Education International Reece, B., 2012.Human relations: principles and practices. Cengage Learning. Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P. and Corti, V., 2013. Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives approach.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.150-159. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ruggero_Sainaghi/publication/257118235_Measuring_hotel_performance_Using_a_balanced_scorecard_perspectives%27_approach/links/53e07c8a0cf2a768e49f65cf/Measuring-hotel-performance-Using-a-balanced-scorecard-perspectives-approach.pdf Sandvik, I.L., Duhan, D.F. and Sandvik, K., 2014. Innovativeness and profitability: an empirical investigation in the Norwegian hotel industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(2), pp.165-185. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Izabela_Sandvik/publication/275592845_Innovativeness_and_Profitability_An_Empirical_Investigation_in_the_Norwegian_Hotel_Industry/links/5759347608ae9a9c954bc102.pdf Saunders, M.N., 2011.Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Saunders, M.N., 2011.Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Siddiqi, K.O., 2011. Interrelations between service quality attributes, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the retail banking sector in Bangladesh.International Journal of Business and Management,6(3), p.12. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/9689/6943 Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Steven, A.B., Dong, Y. and Dresner, M., 2012. Linkages between customer service, customer satisfaction and performance in the airline industry: Investigation of non-linearities and moderating effects.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(4), pp.743-754. Wang, C.H., Chen, K.Y. and Chen, S.C., 2012. Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.119-129. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://tweb.cjcu.edu.tw/journal/2014_05_14_10_55_10.327.pdf

Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory

Paul Rand was born in the year 1914 and died in the year 1996. He became very popular for his exceptional skills in graphic design (Meggs Purvis, 2011). He joined the Pratt Institute in the late 1920’s and graduated in the year 1932. Thereafter, he joined the Parsons School of Design. Rand completed his studies at the Art Students League in the year 1935.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The renowned Swiss Style of graphic design is attributed to him. Between the 1950s and 1970s, he became a lecturer at Yale University. He later joined the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame during the early 1970s. Rand created a number of placards and business identities. He succumbed to cancer in the year 1996. This article focuses on the Rand’s works and highlights his contributions to the field of graphic design . Rand’s works were greatly influenced by his cultural and social background. Orthodox Jewish decrees prohibit making graven images because they perceive it as an act of worshiping idols. Rand, however, embraced art at a very tender age. He began painting signs for his parents’ grocery store and major school proceedings. His father did not consider art as an ideal career for his son. He therefore sent him to Manhattan’s Harren High School. Despite his education, he never benefitted much from the school work. He learned and perfected the arts of design by himself, analyzing the works of renowned designers such as Cassandre and Moholy-Nagy during his spare time. His profession began with modest assignments (Meggs Purvis, 2011). He started with an amateur position, designing stock images for an organization that delivered graphics to various media houses. His early works were informed by the German marketing style and works of Gustav Jensen. During his early twent ies, he was designing works that garnered global approval. Undeniably, Rand’s renowned advance in graphic design is his commercial distinctiveness which is often still being utilized. IBM Poster, AIGA book cover, Graphic Arts 50 Books, Cummins Engine, and DADA book cover are obliged to his creativity (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Three of the most interesting works have been illustrated below. IBM logo is a celebrated piece of art amid his commercial works. In this work, Rand employed visual pun to persuade, inform, and entertain his audience. In AIGA book cover, Rand implied that as far as possible, every design ought to be interesting and educational (Meggs Purvis, 2011). This cover-up design for the American Institute of Graphic Arts periodical is based on an image pun.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Graphic Arts 50 Books, the author illustrated that the efficiency of a design had been often reliant on a minute visual prompt. This is obvious in the blueprint for a file for the American Institute of Graphic Arts 50 Books (Meggs Purvis, 2011). To put across an extra persuasive concept on a bookshelf, the red figures are slanted. In the original design, his work can be subdivided into three key components. This is the function of wit, representation in image communication, and the rebus in the image pun. Although Rand was a loner in his imaginative process, he showed much interest to others’ works. Maholy-Nagy may perhaps have encouraged Rand’s passion for knowledge after he inquired if he had studied art criticism at their first gathering. Rand replied with a No. Moholy-Nagy told him that it was a pity that he had never done so. From that time onwards, Rand read numerous publications written by renowned art philosophers. These intellectuals included Roger Fry, John Dewey, and Alfred Whitehead. The intellectuals’ works would l ater have a lasting influence on his works. A learner will notice that Dewey’s pieces of arts influenced much of the designer’s work. For instance, on the first page of one of his famous books, he used the lines borrowed from Dewey’s philosophy (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Through this, he managed to emphasize the necessity for practical aesthetic perfection in contemporary art. Throughout his contributions, Rand championed for the need to design graphic arts able to sustain their familiar superiority after being distorted or disfigured. Another major person who had an influence on Rand is William Bernbach. Rand was among the first of a long and eminent line of art administrators to perform with and be thankful for the exceptional ability of Bernbach. He described his initial meeting with Bernbach as inspiring and helpful as the Columbus’ first trip to the New World. He asserted that the initial meeting with the copywriter who comprehended visual thoughts gave him an idea of what a layout should be designed. Unquestionably, the key philosophy that had a great impact on his career, and for this reason his long-lasting influence, is the modernist philosophy he valued so much. Rand commemorated the works of his fellow artists. As such, he continually tried to illustrate the link between their imaginative production and important relevance in graphic design. In one of his works named Designer’s Art, he clearly illustrated his admiration for the fundamental links.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The majority of modern designers acknowledge Rand’s victorious and convincing roles in the field of advertising design. What is not well recognized is his vital contribution in positioning the prototype for future advances in commercial advertising. Rand spent more than 14 years in the advertising industry (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Within the field, he established the significance of the art executive in marketing and aided in putting an end to the concept of isolation, which once bounded art. It is also worth noting that Rand admitted the fact that art has to do with various spheres of human life, including history, geography, psychology, technology, and marketing; however, it is a matter of form, not of content. His works are worth studying because they provide an interesting and educative history of graphic design (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Similarly, new graphic designers can gain a number of insights by studying his contributions and acknowledging them. In spite of such his achievements as linking the imaginative production and important relevance in graphic design, he has been accused by his critics for being intransigent and unreceptive to innovative ideas in design. On the other hand, Heller supports his concepts and refers him as an opponent of med iocrity. Despite the criticism, his role in modern graphic design theory is perceived more and more extensively inherent to the profession’s development. Equally, Rand’s renowned advances in graphic design are still being utilized in a number of commercial adverts. References Meggs, P. B., Purvis, A. W. (2011). Meggs’ history of graphic design (5 ed.). Hoboken: J. Wiley Sons. This research paper on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory was written and submitted by user Selah Dalton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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