Satire in Jonathan Swift´s Gullivers Travels - 1944 Words

In the early eighteenth-century, Irish writer Jonathan Swift produced one of the most printed novels known to date. The novel, Gulliver’s Travels, not only received recognition for being reprinted an immense amount of time, but also for the satire found within the novel. Swift intended his novel to be used as a scapegoat in which he would reveal his opinion on the English society. Swift was able to demonstrate this satire through the four part plot of Gulliver’s Travels. Each part of the novel told the journey of the protagonist and focal character, Lemuel Gulliver, to an unknown island. Lemuel Gulliver spent a majority of his life bouncing around from place to place until settling in London as a practicing doctor. Once Gulliver’s business†¦show more content†¦The size of a Lilliputian’s heel illustrated whether he belonged to the group supporting or opposing the Emperor and his rule. Gulliver then gained insight that the Lilliputians are in a war with neighboring island Belfescu over matter that no one seemed to remember. With time, it surfaced that the reason of the endless war is over which end an egg is properly cracked at. Lilliputians believed the correct way to crack an egg was with the small end, while some rejected this belief and adapted that the correct way to crack an egg was with the big end. The problems Gulliver learned about the Lilliputian society and government acts as a parallel to that in England. The tactic by which government officials are appointed in Lilliput is meant to criticize England’s system of appointing and its unprofessionalism. The split in Lilliputian society into little heels and big heels adheres to the two political parties in England, the Tories and Whigs. The argument over how to crack an egg, leading to an endless war with Belfescu, mirrors the history of England. The split into Lilliput and Belfescu represents the break in church between Catholics and Protestants. The war represents the on going battle between England and France over a reason no one can recollect. Gulliver found the problems in the Lilliputian’s society to be pointless, while they found it to be critical. Gulliver’s journey in Lilliput stresses that there is no point for Tories and Whigs, England and France, or theShow MoreRelatedGulliver s Travels By Jona than Swift1116 Words   |  5 PagesGulliver’s Travels was written by Jonathan Swift in 1721. Jonathan Swift, born in 1667 was an Irish satirist, poet and pamphleteer. He later became Duke of the St Patrick Cathedral in Dublin (Ireland). He was also a minister between 1710 and 1714 (Swift Biography 1). â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† tells the story of Gulliver as he travels throughout the world and meets different societies. Each trip allows him to encounter some fascinating civilizations. The first trip of Gulliver is Lilliput, where the populationRead MoreGulliver ´s Travels by Jonathan Swift: Biographical Summary1982 Words   |  8 PagesGulliver’s Travels – Jonathan Swift – Biographical Summary Jonathan Swift was born on November 30, 1667 in Ireland to English parents, Jonathan and Abigail. His father, Jonathan, died shortly after his birth, leaving his mother to raise him and his sister alone. In Ireland, Swift was dependent on a nanny for three years because his mother moved to England. The young man was educated because of the patronage of his Uncle, Godwin Swift. Godwin sent him to Kilkenny Grammar School at age six, whichRead MoreJonathan Swift s Literary Canon Of Politically And Comically Prolific Satires996 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Statement: Jonathan Swift’s literary canon of politically and comically-prolific satires, fantasies, and allegories was seasoned with his exposure to the follies of the economic, religious and governing institutions of the British Empire, and thus, he sought to lampoon and caricature the current events and social, cultural, religious, and political trends that were so omnipotent during his lifetime. Swift’s exposure to the monarchical mentality and rife factional conflicts pervading the politicalRead MoreExploring the Ways Jonathan Swift Satirises England of the 1720s818 Words   |  4 PagesExploring the Ways Jonathan Swift Satirises England of the 1720s In this essay, I will be considering some of the ways Jonathan Swift satirises the English society. I will be focusing on the effect of his book Gullivers Travels both when it was written and on a modern day audience. Gullivers Travels was published in 1726. Jonathan Swift caused a huge riot because of the way he wrote the book. Satire is making a mockery of people or a group of people in a sarcasticRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels 1933 Words   |  8 Pagesof Jonathan Swift’s writings there are many commonalities. One in particular that stands out is the use of satire throughout both â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels†, which tells the story of a series of voyages of Lemuel Gulliver’s published in 1726, and â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, where Swift uses the idea of cannibalism to captivate his audience as well as focus on society’s problems. Throughout Swift’s life, politics and religion had a huge impact on him and more importantly, his writing. Many of the satires thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels 2033 Words   |  9 Pages​Jonathan Swift was a writer known for his use of satire: the application of humor, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose and criticize. At a glance, the novel seems to be a travel log of Lemuel Gulliver’s adventures, but is primarily a work of satire. Through Gulliver’s Travels, Swift strives to satirize the eighteenth century humanity. Swift was titled a misanthrope, a hater of humanity, his misanthropy rose from his disappointment in mankind. Swift utilizes Gulliver in satirizing the populationRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s The Revolutionary War 1583 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Rice Schmidt – 1 Research Paper 23 September 2014 Jonathan Swift The Revolutionary War is one, if not the most memorable time of American history. It is what started the beginning of the land of the free. The colonization and tyranny of England was not just felt in the thirteen colonies that became America but also in places such as Ireland. Authors such as Jonathan Swift not only acted as literary geniuses but as a way for modern day historians to see the effects of colonization and the hardshipsRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Jonathan Swift1425 Words   |  6 PagesComp. II Oct. 27, 2015 Literary analysis The author I decided to write about is Jonathan Swift for he had a keen sense for effective sarcasm. As Jonathan Swift said â€Å"The proper words in the proper places are the true definition of style.† Though he was known in different ways, he was mostly popularized through his gift in writing, particularly his satire, or his use of humor and irony, essays. Through out swift life, there has been plenty of events where I believe shape the way he was, hence hisRead More Satire2542 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own† (Swift). Such beholders, as Jonathan Swift astutely emphasizes, are intended, through guidance of satiric narrative, to recognize social or political plights. In some satires, as in Swift’s own A Modest Proposal, the use of absurd, blatant exaggeration is intended to capture an indolent audience’s attention regarding the social state of the poor. Yet even in such a direct satire, there exists anotherRead MoreBiographical Summary : Jonathan Swift1982 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Jonathan Swift was born in the land of Dublin, Ireland on November 30th, 1667. Swift was born to English parents, Jonathan and Abigale Swift. Unfortunately, Swift’s father passed away before his son’s birth. At the age of three, Swift was raised by his late father’s family. He attended Kilkenny Grammar School with fellow student William Congreve, who would later become a dramatist. From there, Swift moved on to attend Trinity College in Dublin and Hart Hall in Oxford. Swift would acquire

U.s. State Of New Jersey - 1549 Words

Israel, a country slightly smaller than the U.S. state of New Jersey, is located in the Middle East. It borders the Mediterranean Sea for a length of 168 miles. In the south and southwest, it borders the Gulf of Aqaba and the Sinai Peninsula. Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula during the war of June 1967 and returned it to Egypt in April 1982. To the east, it shares a 147-mile borderline with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and 189 miles with the Palestinian Autonomous Area on the western shore of the Jordan River. In the north, Israel shares 49 miles of borders with Lebanon, and with Syria for 47 miles on the disputed Golan Heights. Current History 2,000 years after the destruction of Israel by the Romans, Israel was created by†¦show more content†¦However the arrangement was unsuccessful, Israel was seen as an express that would utilize assault as a method for resistance. In 1977, a visit to Jerusalem by the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, began a peace process between Egypt and Israel. It was the first and most basic of any treaty between Israel and its neighbors. Sadat s contemporary in Israel was Head Chairman Menachem Begin. The main issue of contention between Sadat and Begin was the West Bank. In 1978, the US President Jimmy Carter invited Begin and Sadat to Camp David, and there they made a comprehension on an essential level that was made up for lost time by a deal in 1979. Israel assented to hand back to Egypt the whole of the Sinai, and Egypt agreed to see Israel. Israel s edges on one flank had at long last been settled. Besides, the way that the peace between the two countries has not been a warm one, it has held. In 1977 a visit to Jerusalem by the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat opened the door to a peace understanding between Egypt and Israel, the first and most fundamental of the agreements between Israel and the surrounding countries. Sadat s counterpart in Israel was Prime Minister Begin. Sinai in his vision and ended up being a peacemaker with Egypt. In 1978, the US President Jimmy Carter invited Begin and Sadat to Camp David, near Washington, and there they made an agreement in principle

Factors affecting Sales Performance of Hotels-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Factors affecting Sales Performance of Hotels and Restaurants in Australia. Answer: Introduction The primary significant features of business in the hotel and restaurant industry are that demand can never be fully managed by the firms. This is attributed to the fact that external factors determine the need for hotels and restaurant, namely preferences of customers, competitive pricing, state of the economy (Sainaghi, Phillips, and Corti, 2013; Wang, Chen Chen, 2012). However, the business performance of the hotels is also affected by internal factors like degree of investment and innovation, the size of the business and workers costs (Sainaghi, Phillips and Corti, 2013). Therefore, to the companies in the hospitality industry to thrive, they must offer quality and high-class customer services. The senior management can establish sales performance cultures by being committed to excellence through their active participation in the progress of lasting associations with the customers (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Such a culture will reduce the rates of staff turnover and increase thei r satisfaction. The Malcolm Baldridge National Award (MBNQA) went to the Ritz-Carlton hotel corporation of the USA because it delivered high-class services and the best hotel practices in the hospitality industry (Brown, 2013). Evans and Lindsay (2011) suggest that the hotel gained its superior quality because it focused on technological advancement and employee performance. Most of the hotels and restaurants in Australia are well-known tourist centers, for instance, Royal Mail Hotel, Echoes Boutique Hotel and Restaurant Blue Mountains, Altitude Restaurant among others. These hotels and some more provide superior quality services and personalized services and are featured with swimming pools, modern fitness centers, conference halls, indoor and outdoor events. However, in Victoria the prominent hotels that exist there are not up to standard from the perspective of a developed country like Australia even though they might be first class hotels in developing countries. Some of the hotels that were prominent in Victoria decades ago have since gone down despite the advantage of strategic location, space, and resource. This project proposal focuses on providing evidence of the factors that impact the sales output of the hotels and restaurants. Project Obectives This proposal's aim is to find out the factors that affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Australia. Furthermore, this research analyses the effects of such factors on customers response with the aim of developing an in-depth understanding of the objective Project Scope This study is to cover large hotels and restaurants with a minimum of thirty guest rooms and conference facilities within and without. The target participants shall include employees, top-level managers, and customers within the state of Victoria. Literature Review The service industry is different from the manufacturing industry, and thus the provision of services and products respectively varies widely. For instance, the manufacturing industry uses special offer and huge discounts to increase sales whereas the service industry focuses on the increased levels of customer satisfaction which keeps them loyal. Reece, (2012) asserts that most of the businesses in the service industry retain their customers by offering high-class services. Management of Customer Relationship The perception of service quality by the customer depends on the service they have received and the extent of their satisfaction or expectation (Dabholkar, 2015). A performing organization makes use of customer information after gathering by use of questionnaires and interview with the aim of understanding their needs and then embarks on strategies how to meet them. Angelova and Zekiri, (2011) suggest that businesses should analyze the customers attitudes towards their service delivery and level of customer satisfaction by engaging them. Most of the research indicates that dissatisfied customers talk more about their worst encounter with an organization that their joyful experience (Klee and Westgard, 2014). Existing studies show a connective link between customer loyalty and satisfaction and a connection between organizational performance and loyalty of customer (Siddiqi, 2011). Innovation and productivity The research by Wang et al. (2012) on the hotels in Taiwan found out that the total quality management affected the hotels performance positively and thus established the link between innovation and profitability in the hospitality industry. Sandvik, Duhan, and Sandvik (2014) through their study found out that competitive advantage was majorly attained through innovativeness. The results showed a connected link where innovation positively influenced market demand which further affected profitability positively. Furthermore, Assaf, and Agbola, (2011) in their study on the performance of Australian hotels found out that increase in productivity is mostly influenced by the advancement in technology compared with the effect of labor and capital which is less felt. Organizational planning Practices Proper strategic plans and work systems by the management can offer the business a competitive advantage and thus maximize profits. The implementation of the programs should be done after it is assessed as realistic and viable by the experts and then the manager should be the first to embrace and initiate a campaign towards the employees to adopt and implement them, and the customers will only follow the example (Johnson et al., 2013). Successful compensation programs are essential towards sales performance. Chung, Steenburgh, and Sudhir (2013) researched the connection between compensation and performance of employees. The outcomes indicated that those employees that were frequently rewarded for excellence were more satisfied with their jobs and this was reflected in the quality of customer service which had a positive ripple effect on customer loyalty and sales performance. Creating Employee Loyalty The existing and future Customers are the only ones from whom organizations can create value from. The successful businesses according to are those that acquire new customers while retaining the old ones (Kotler and Armstrong, 2013). Stiff marketing competition in the industry makes the customers rational because of the availability of abundant choice to choose from and thus for a business to survive it must offer unique value its services. The management should support behavioral values by rewarding best performing employees and observe their strengths and weaknesses to align with their capabilities. The administration should seek to motivate the employees by meeting their expectations at the workplace and avoiding unnecessary emotional torture for this will be replicated in their performance. Conceptual Framework Customer Services Most of the big hotels major on the customer satisfaction and development of a strong association with them and thus continually widening their market share, profits and market sustainability. The levels of customer satisfaction, loyalty, and organizational sales are directly associated and significantly increase with the period of customers loyalty (Flint, Blocker, and Boutin, 2011). According to the study by Steven, Dong, and Dresner (2012), most businesses fail because of reduced levels of customer satisfaction. Human and Capital Resources Expert employee skills and sufficient capital funds can affect the performance of hotels as regards to sales by offering adequate services to the customers. Employees that are the well-equipped regarding skills and competence and a positive attitude can be relied upon to provide quality services alongside information technology which can also be a competitive advantage which results in improved performance of the business Steven, Dong, and Dresner (2012). Buller and McEvoy (2012) by showed that human resource in an organization is critical to its general performance. The research found that human resource functions such as training, motivation and work relationships contributed more to the performance of the business. Organizational branding The brand image which is inclusive of the name of a product, visible features and appearance are significant on how the customer makes selective choices from the existing ones in the market. Kaufmann, Panni, and Orphanidou (2012) assert that customer behavior is affected by marketing factors such as availability of goods and services, promotion, image and the characteristics of the consumers. Therefore, the brand is key to the acceptance by customers. Brand/product preference or popularity is affected by the current perception of the quality of services about another provider within the same industry. A high brand image generates customer loyalty and sales in addition to market value (Solomon, 2014). Sales Performance Business sales performance is directly associated with profitability and customer satisfaction. Research shows that organizations with long-time customers have high sales performance than their competitors who enjoy a more significant market share of top customer turnover. Evans and Lindsay (2011) conducted a research and found out that businesses can improve their sales performance to approximately 100% through the retention of 5 percent of their customers more than their competitors with a competitive advantage because the cost of retaining former customers is lower than that of acquiring new customers. Reseach Questions In agreement with the outcomes of the literature review, this study aims to analyze the factors that affect sales performance of hotels and restaurants and the corresponding influence of such factors on customers response in Victoria. Thus, the following research questions are proposed: Primary Question Does organizational branding have any effect on the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria? Secondary Hypotheses Does customer services offered in hospitality industry affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria? What are the influences of the HRM functions on the sales performance of hotels and restaurants? Reseach Design and Methodology Qualitative research The purpose of this qualitative study will be to find out the factors that affect the performance of sales of hotels and restaurants in Victoria. The study will use face-to-face interviews with the employees in the hotels, adapting with work situations. A summarized unstructured interview will be used to try and comprehend fundamental issues regarding the hotels. The perception of the employees regarding their work environment, in general, will be sought for (Saunders, 2011). The gathered data will be recorded down and analyzed later. This proposal expects to sample out fifteen employees out of the target population of all workers from the fifty selected hotels and restaurants. Quantitative research Questionnaires (Appendix 1) shall be used to collect data from all the employees of the fifty selected hotels and restaurants and are to be hand-delivered to the respective employees after granting of permission by the management. The target population is 100 employees from the fifty hotels, with a sample size of twenty employees comprising of five supervisors and fifteen junior workers. The questionnaire shall consist of both open and close-ended questions to enable the participants to give their opinions and to ensure relevancy of the responses respectively. Sales performance is to be taken as the dependent variable whereas customer services, human and capital resources, and organization branding as independent variables. Validity and Reliability To guarantee validity and reliability of the measuring instrument will be used to ensure the responses are not biased. The consistency of each item will be analyzed to ensure the reliability of the responses from the participants. Furthermore, reliability across all independent items will be guaranteed by correlating them with each other. To ensure that the measured content is valid, the instruments will include a representation of specific details. The higher the number of representative items the higher the validity of the content (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). Data Analysis Method The collected data through interviews and questionnaires will be checked for reliability and verification did then organized, coded, tabulated and then analyzed to interpret the outcomes in alignment with the formulated research questions. Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be employed in the data analysis and presentation u in the form of charts, graphs for easy interpretation. Research Limitations The projected limitation to the success of this study will be the denial to access the necessary data and personnel in the hotels and restaurants of interest. The success of this study is substantially dependent on the permission of the hotel and restaurant management to interview the staff and the access to some vital information. Furthermore, this study is only restricted to the hotels in Victoria, and thus a generalization of its outcome should be applied cautiously in countries with different levels of economic growth and cultural background. Time Schedule The study is expected to last for approximately one year beginning in November 2017. The expenses associated with the research shall be met by the researcher from its inception to the conclusion. The table below shows the details of each task and period Name of Task Start Date End Date Duration(Days) Project proposal organization 10/10/2017 19/11/2017 40 Literature review 22/11/2017 21/01/2018 60 Data collection process 05/02/2018 05/06/2018 120 Data analysis process 10/06/2018 09/08/2018 60 Report presentation 20/08/2018 19/09/2018 30 Conclusion The hospitality industry keeps changing because it is hugely dependent on the customers whose needs and preferences vary as well with time. The management has the responsibility for monitoring these variations and aligning their service delivery with these changes to achieve the organization's objectives and increase sales performance. Activities such as organizational branding, innovation, and productivity, employee loyalty, etc. are some practices that the management usually undertakes to respond to the changes in customer preferences. References Angelova, B. and Zekiri, J., 2011. Measuring customer satisfaction with service quality using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model).International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,1(3), p.232. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7bda/a7c64934afa318aa33e7ce6c03dcaacd3bc6.pdf Assaf, A.G. and Agbola, F.W., 2011. Modelling the performance of Australian hotels: a DEA double bootstrap approach.Tourism Economics,17(1), pp.73-89. Brown, M.G., 2013.Baldrige Award Winning Quality--: How to Interpret the Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence. CRC Press. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Chung, D.J., Steenburgh, T. and Sudhir, K., 2013. Do bonuses enhance sales productivity? A dynamic structural analysis of bonus-based compensation plans.Marketing Science,33(2), pp.165-187. Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Larson, R., 2014. Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 35-54). Springer Netherlands. Dabholkar, P.A., 2015. How to improve perceived service quality by increasing customer participation. InProceedings of the 1990 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference(pp. 483-487). Springer, Cham. Evans, R.J. and Landsay, M.W., 2011. The Management and control of quality (8ed.) Flint, D.J., Blocker, C.P. and Boutin, P.J., 2011. Customer value anticipation, customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical examination.Industrial marketing management,40(2), pp.219-230. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. International edition Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013.Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson. Kaufmann, H.R., Panni, M.F.A.K. and Orphanidou, Y., 2012. FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMERS'GREEN PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: AN INTEGRATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.Amfiteatru Economic,14(31), p.50. Klee, G.G. and Westgard, J.O., 2014. 7 Quality Management.Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book, p.90. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G., 2013. Principles of Marketing (16th Global Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, Pearson Education International Reece, B., 2012.Human relations: principles and practices. Cengage Learning. Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P. and Corti, V., 2013. Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives approach.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.150-159. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ruggero_Sainaghi/publication/257118235_Measuring_hotel_performance_Using_a_balanced_scorecard_perspectives%27_approach/links/53e07c8a0cf2a768e49f65cf/Measuring-hotel-performance-Using-a-balanced-scorecard-perspectives-approach.pdf Sandvik, I.L., Duhan, D.F. and Sandvik, K., 2014. Innovativeness and profitability: an empirical investigation in the Norwegian hotel industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(2), pp.165-185. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Izabela_Sandvik/publication/275592845_Innovativeness_and_Profitability_An_Empirical_Investigation_in_the_Norwegian_Hotel_Industry/links/5759347608ae9a9c954bc102.pdf Saunders, M.N., 2011.Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Saunders, M.N., 2011.Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Siddiqi, K.O., 2011. Interrelations between service quality attributes, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the retail banking sector in Bangladesh.International Journal of Business and Management,6(3), p.12. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/9689/6943 Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Steven, A.B., Dong, Y. and Dresner, M., 2012. Linkages between customer service, customer satisfaction and performance in the airline industry: Investigation of non-linearities and moderating effects.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(4), pp.743-754. Wang, C.H., Chen, K.Y. and Chen, S.C., 2012. Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.119-129. Accessed on 05 Oct. 17. https://tweb.cjcu.edu.tw/journal/2014_05_14_10_55_10.327.pdf

Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory

Paul Rand was born in the year 1914 and died in the year 1996. He became very popular for his exceptional skills in graphic design (Meggs Purvis, 2011). He joined the Pratt Institute in the late 1920’s and graduated in the year 1932. Thereafter, he joined the Parsons School of Design. Rand completed his studies at the Art Students League in the year 1935.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The renowned Swiss Style of graphic design is attributed to him. Between the 1950s and 1970s, he became a lecturer at Yale University. He later joined the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame during the early 1970s. Rand created a number of placards and business identities. He succumbed to cancer in the year 1996. This article focuses on the Rand’s works and highlights his contributions to the field of graphic design . Rand’s works were greatly influenced by his cultural and social background. Orthodox Jewish decrees prohibit making graven images because they perceive it as an act of worshiping idols. Rand, however, embraced art at a very tender age. He began painting signs for his parents’ grocery store and major school proceedings. His father did not consider art as an ideal career for his son. He therefore sent him to Manhattan’s Harren High School. Despite his education, he never benefitted much from the school work. He learned and perfected the arts of design by himself, analyzing the works of renowned designers such as Cassandre and Moholy-Nagy during his spare time. His profession began with modest assignments (Meggs Purvis, 2011). He started with an amateur position, designing stock images for an organization that delivered graphics to various media houses. His early works were informed by the German marketing style and works of Gustav Jensen. During his early twent ies, he was designing works that garnered global approval. Undeniably, Rand’s renowned advance in graphic design is his commercial distinctiveness which is often still being utilized. IBM Poster, AIGA book cover, Graphic Arts 50 Books, Cummins Engine, and DADA book cover are obliged to his creativity (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Three of the most interesting works have been illustrated below. IBM logo is a celebrated piece of art amid his commercial works. In this work, Rand employed visual pun to persuade, inform, and entertain his audience. In AIGA book cover, Rand implied that as far as possible, every design ought to be interesting and educational (Meggs Purvis, 2011). This cover-up design for the American Institute of Graphic Arts periodical is based on an image pun.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Graphic Arts 50 Books, the author illustrated that the efficiency of a design had been often reliant on a minute visual prompt. This is obvious in the blueprint for a file for the American Institute of Graphic Arts 50 Books (Meggs Purvis, 2011). To put across an extra persuasive concept on a bookshelf, the red figures are slanted. In the original design, his work can be subdivided into three key components. This is the function of wit, representation in image communication, and the rebus in the image pun. Although Rand was a loner in his imaginative process, he showed much interest to others’ works. Maholy-Nagy may perhaps have encouraged Rand’s passion for knowledge after he inquired if he had studied art criticism at their first gathering. Rand replied with a No. Moholy-Nagy told him that it was a pity that he had never done so. From that time onwards, Rand read numerous publications written by renowned art philosophers. These intellectuals included Roger Fry, John Dewey, and Alfred Whitehead. The intellectuals’ works would l ater have a lasting influence on his works. A learner will notice that Dewey’s pieces of arts influenced much of the designer’s work. For instance, on the first page of one of his famous books, he used the lines borrowed from Dewey’s philosophy (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Through this, he managed to emphasize the necessity for practical aesthetic perfection in contemporary art. Throughout his contributions, Rand championed for the need to design graphic arts able to sustain their familiar superiority after being distorted or disfigured. Another major person who had an influence on Rand is William Bernbach. Rand was among the first of a long and eminent line of art administrators to perform with and be thankful for the exceptional ability of Bernbach. He described his initial meeting with Bernbach as inspiring and helpful as the Columbus’ first trip to the New World. He asserted that the initial meeting with the copywriter who comprehended visual thoughts gave him an idea of what a layout should be designed. Unquestionably, the key philosophy that had a great impact on his career, and for this reason his long-lasting influence, is the modernist philosophy he valued so much. Rand commemorated the works of his fellow artists. As such, he continually tried to illustrate the link between their imaginative production and important relevance in graphic design. In one of his works named Designer’s Art, he clearly illustrated his admiration for the fundamental links.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The majority of modern designers acknowledge Rand’s victorious and convincing roles in the field of advertising design. What is not well recognized is his vital contribution in positioning the prototype for future advances in commercial advertising. Rand spent more than 14 years in the advertising industry (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Within the field, he established the significance of the art executive in marketing and aided in putting an end to the concept of isolation, which once bounded art. It is also worth noting that Rand admitted the fact that art has to do with various spheres of human life, including history, geography, psychology, technology, and marketing; however, it is a matter of form, not of content. His works are worth studying because they provide an interesting and educative history of graphic design (Meggs Purvis, 2011). Similarly, new graphic designers can gain a number of insights by studying his contributions and acknowledging them. In spite of such his achievements as linking the imaginative production and important relevance in graphic design, he has been accused by his critics for being intransigent and unreceptive to innovative ideas in design. On the other hand, Heller supports his concepts and refers him as an opponent of med iocrity. Despite the criticism, his role in modern graphic design theory is perceived more and more extensively inherent to the profession’s development. Equally, Rand’s renowned advances in graphic design are still being utilized in a number of commercial adverts. References Meggs, P. B., Purvis, A. W. (2011). Meggs’ history of graphic design (5 ed.). Hoboken: J. Wiley Sons. This research paper on Paul Rand and His Role in Modern Graphic Design Theory was written and submitted by user Selah Dalton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Contract Types The Uniform Commercial Code

Rock Island Union Prison

Rock Island Union Prison In August 1863, United States Army began construction of the Rock Island Prison. Located on an Island between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois, the prison was designed to house captured Confederate Army soldiers. The plan was to build 84 barracks with each one housing 120 prisoners along with their own kitchen.  The stockade fence was 12 feet high. There was a sentry placed every one hundred feet with only two openings to get inside. The prison was to be built on 12 acres of the 946 acres that encompassed the island. The First Prisoners In December 1863, the yet unfinished Rock Island Prison received its first prisoners who had been captured by General Ulysses S. Grant troops during  the Battle of Lookout Mountain,  in Chattanooga, Tennessee. While the first group numbered 468, by the end of the month the prison population would exceed 5000 captured Confederate soldiers, some of them also having been captured at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee. Temperatures were below zero degrees Fahrenheit in December 1963 when those first prisoners arrived. The temperature would be reported as low as thirty-two degrees below zero at times during for the rest of that first winter.   Disease and Malnutrition at Rock Island Since the construction of the prison was not completed when the first Confederate prisoner’s arrived, sanitation and disease, especially a smallpox outbreak, were issues at that time.  As a response,  in the spring of 1864, the Union Army built a hospital and installed a sewer system which helped improve conditions inside the prison walls immediately, as well as ending the smallpox epidemic. In June 1864, Rock Island Prison severely changed the amount of rations that prisoners received due to how Andersonville Prison was treating Union Army soldiers who were prisoners. This change in rations resulted in both malnutrition and scurvy which led to the death of Confederate prisoners at the Rock Island Prison facility. During the time  that Rock Island was in operation, it housed over 12,000 Confederate soldiers of which nearly 2000 died, but although many claim that  Rock Island was comparable to the Confederate’s Andersonville Prison from an inhumane standpoint only seventeen percent of their prisoners died compared to twenty-seven percent of Andersonville’s total population. In addition, Rock Island had enclosed barracks versus the man-made tents or totally being in the elements as was the case in Andersonville. Prison Escapes A total of forty-one prisoners escaped and were not recaptured. One of the largest escapes occurred in June 1864 when several prisoners tunneled their way out. The last two were caught as they came out of the tunnel and another three were caught while still on the island. One escapee drowned while swimming across the Mississippi River, but another six successfully made it across. Within a couple of days, four of those were re-captured by Union forces but two were able to completely elude capture. Rock Island Closes The Rock Island Prison closed in July 1865 and the prison was totally destroyed shortly thereafter.  In 1862, the United States Congress established an arsenal on Rock Island and today it is our country’s largest government operated arsenal that encompasses almost the entire island. It is now called Arsenal Island. The only remaining evidence that there was a prison that held Confederate soldiers during the Civil War is the Confederate Cemetery where approximately 1950 prisoners are buried. Additionally, the Rock Island National Cemetery is also located on the island, where the remains of at least 150 Union guards are interred, as well as over 18,000 Union soldiers.

Colt's Manufacturing Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Colt's Manufacturing Company - Assignment Example Colt's Manufacturing Company is an American manufacturing company that deals with the manufacture of firearms. Samuel Colt founded it in the year 1836. It makes both civilian and military firearms mainly used in America and other countries (Houze, Cooper, Kornhauser, & Colt, 2006). The companies most popular products include single action army, colt walker, Colt Commando, M4 carbine and colt python. The company mainly targets the United States of America government and the civilians. The company serves both the local and international firearms markets. The company split into two in the year 2002. Colt Manufacturing Company mainly deals with the civilian market while Colt Defense serves the law enforcement countries (Houze, Cooper, Kornhauser, & Colt, 2006). The separation mainly helps in increasing the quality of the products by encouraging specialization. It also enabled the company to clearly assess the performance of the two branches of their productions. This is always done with the aim of maximizing the income through separate management and attracting more investors. A company split up can also take place under the government orders mostly due to concern about monopolistic practices. The Colt's Manufacturing Company highly encourages creativity and innovation in their productions. It is due to this, that they have come up with many firearm designs over their many years in operation. It is also due to this innovation that they have managed to have a tight grip on the firearms production industry making it hard for the survival of new entrants (Groover, 2010). Innovation has also seen them come up with firearm designs that have been termed as way past their time. The Colt’s manufacturing Company mainly uses iron, brass, fiberglass, wood, ceramics, aluminum magnesium, zinc, and steel as their major raw material. Local companies either supply these materials and others imported from foreign countries (Houze, Cooper, Kornhauser, & Colt, 2006). They also reuse some of the local materials as a way of reducing the material price. The company has a huge number of qualified employees who are charged with responsibility of transforming the raw materials into finished products. The machines and equipment that are available at the company for the sake of manufacturing always help the employees. These equipments include gunsmithing lathe, drill presses, riveters, propane torches, rifling cutters; paint both, crimp tools and various others. The company also relies a lot on its researches department, which always makes sure that the necessary information is available. The Colt’s manufacturing Company greatly relies on technology and innovation maintaining their market relevance. The innovation is evident in the encouragement and support they give to their employees during the designing period. Apparently, the company has had many designs that do not make it to the market. This exhibits the level of tolerance that the company accords the designers. The fact that some of the designs by the company have been considered to be way ahead of their time show just how much the level of innovation in the company is high. The company has also avails all the resources and information that the designers might need during the process. The company has highly invested in technology. The development process is enhanced by the use of various machines that facilitate uniformity, quality standards and eliminates the possibility of defects. Such machines include the ones mentioned above. The company

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 35

Essay Example These early Christians beliefs are at par with the present day beliefs on the existence, holiness, faithfulness and the power of God. The views of the early Christian teachings on evil, the devil and sin based on the teachings of the three saints are obsolete. In religion, the problem lies with explaining the cause and proof of these ideologies. The saints attribute all evil and sin to the devil. St. Anthony states that he envies all what he considered good and holy (Porter and Prince Danforth, 472). He referred to him as the ‘opponent or the enemy’ who was associated with sins including fornication. They believed that the devil was the cause of all temptations and he targeted those who were staunch believers. According to the early teachings, discipleship was interpreted as living one’s life based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. The disciples were bestowed with the duty of preaching the gospel to many people in accordance to the teachings of Jesus and converting them to Christians through baptism. Discipleship required a lifestyle of selflessness, continuous hardships and in the case of St. Anthony he experienced physical torture (Russel and Amy, 51). These conditions for discipleship are harsh and not legalistic. In the 21st century there are diverse religious beliefs and early principles including discipleship, brotherhood and sisterhood are slowly fading away. The saints viewed the world as full of evil and attributed this to the devil. The saints were not successful in their mission to convert the world. The saints were not irresponsible by trying to withdraw from the world. They were trying to take responsibility for all the evil in the world by taking up the burden of fighting against the ‘enemy’ alone (Kelly, 146). They were just attempting to reinforce the already existing Christian values and not creating an alternative model. Though they managed to convert a few individuals through their discipleship

Different approaches to decision-making Assignment

Different approaches to decision-making - Assignment Example Tentatively, it is extremely difficult to use these sales to justify the existence of a common problem. In the same case, Home Depot and Lowe’s, in as far as the Big Box DIY store is concerned experience a relatively higher annual sales than Menard’s. On another case, when all the three categories of DIY stores are compared, there is a big difference in terms of sales, showing how the sales may be misleading especially where a major decision making is concerned. Possibly, a major individual store audit may be necessary in order to balance the decisions that are just yet to be made, with the possible causes of frustrations and poor performance in a number of the DIY stores. 3. The Company executives assumed a normative framework of decision making. One of the major operating principles of normative framework is to identify, which decision or judgment is most appropriate to make. It provides and evaluation standards, which the company executives used to determine that it is more appropriate actually, to sell the DIY stores that to merger the IT systems of all the stores. It requires an adequate observation with effective definitions of the stakes involved. The Company executives must have identified the situation irredeemable as high stakes were involved that could not be salvaged by any alternative apart from selling the stores. 4. There are several stakeholders who are responsible for decision making in a company. In all areas, top management is involved, but who count on the valuations and assessment of an area’s experts and technical professional. In this case, the Company’s IT expert and project developers (engineers) are the most integral component of decision making in the IT area. Their assessments, evaluations and conclusion form the backbone or the basis of decision making. They are the people who come out with why it would be better or disastrous to take certain decisions in as far as the Company’s IT system is concer ned. The Company’s executives and top managers must also be involved, and in fact they are the most essential players in the decision making framework. They will rely on the deductions of IT and project development engineers to make effective decisions with regard to changes and implementation. 5. Analytic cognitive style may be best suited for such kind of a situation. It requires that all different parts of a system that interact together to bring out a general impact must be examined and analyzed with regards to their i1ndividual contribution to the major problem at hand. There several parts of the DIY stores that are run by the same Company in France and the decision to sell all the stores stem from the fact that almost all of the stores are negatively affected in one way or the other. This puts into consideration the need to react and make decisions influenced from the individual analysis of all the stores in France. It is the responsibility of the executives to ensure t hat the decisions make take care of all the business establishments owned by the same company in a particular region. 6. An effective creative approach to analysis must put into consideration new and efficiently applicable concepts and ideas. The analysis process must disintegrate the available data and findings into finer details with a view of identifying the problems and coming up with impressive solutions that innovatively improve the current situations. It entails an effective

Report On Military Applications Of Gnss Information Technology Essay

Report On Military Applications Of Gnss Information Technology Essay Recent years have witnessed an increasingly use of GNSS technologies in diverse areas of human endeavours. Governments, organisations, individuals etc. are beginning to rely upon GNSS technology in finding solutions to problems in different fields of life (Spirent, 2002: 17). One obvious area where GNSS technology has been deployed successfully since the launching of satellite navigation is in military applications. Military applications of GNSS date back in 1978 when the first Global Positioning System was launched by US Department of Defence. Since then, many GNSS and associated navigation systems are being used in military mission fields. This report examines past and present military applications of GNSS; it also attempts to look into future of military applications in the context of emerging trends and developments in GNSS world. 1.2 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is generic term encompassing all satellite navigation systems that allows users to determine their locations by observing radio signals transmitted by GNSS satellites. First among them is the US Navigation by Satellite Ranging and Timing (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS). Russian Global Navigation Satellites System (GLONASS) is the second generation of GNSS, conceived also as a military system.. The next generation of GNSS is the European Unions Galileo which is expected to be in full operation by early 2014. GNSS market is poised for revolution with the full deployment of Galileo constellation of satellites. Other Regional GNSS include Beidou operated by China, although through its Compass, China has planned to launch satellite navigation system with global coverage. Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is another GNSS in the development. Uncertainty still trail IRNSS project since India entered into partnership with Russian GLONASS. QZSS is another regional navigation system operated by Japan. It is developed to supplement GPS signals in Japan and neighbouring areas. Besides these, there are other regional GNSS space-based augmentation systems aim to improve the performance of GPS/GLONASS. The major regional augmentation systems are WAAS, EGNOS (European Geostationary National Overlay Service), MTSAT-Based Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) in Japan and Indian GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) GPS and GLONASS stand out among the list when it comes to military applications. GPS and GLONASS have been used in many military operations. 1.3 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) US Global Positioning System (GPS) was designed as a dual-use technology (civilian and military use). The positioning service available to civil users is called Standard Positioning Service, while that of the military is called Precise Positioning Service. GPSs Precise Positioning Service (PPS) is used for most military applications. Precise Positioning Service is restricted to only US military, NATO forces, and other users licensed by US Government. The encrypted precise code signals P(Y) and M-code are used for military applications. M- Code is a new signal being to realise the fundamental aim of achieving precise and accurate navigation services for military applications. These signals are broadcasted in link 1 (L1) and link 2 (L2) bands. L1C-d and L1C-p signals will be added to the PPS users under the GPS phased modernisation programme (Groves, 2008: 12). In times of navigation data messages, MNAV message broadcasts are broadcast on M-code signals. GPS is presently undergoing p hased restructuring and modernisation and it is expected that new programme will ensure that existing users are transmitted P(Y) code while the new users are transmitted new M code (Kaplan and Hegarty (2006: 654). 1.4. GLONASS Like GPS, GLONASS was conceived as a military system but designed to offer both military and civil positioning service (Groves 2008: 17). GLONASS P code signals are used for military applications and transmitted in both bands LI and L2 with frequencies 1592.95MHz 1613.86MHz and 1237.83 MHz 1256MHz respectively (Groves, 2008: 19). GLONASS K, fully modernised satellites are set to broadcast new signals that will improve the accuracy of military operations. 2.0 GNSS Positioning Requirements: The positioning principles are basically the same for GNSS systems. Generally, a GNSS receiver records three or more satellites signals to determine a 2 dimensional coordinates, while four or more signals are needed for 3 dimensional coordinates. The accuracy of GNSS position solution depends on the type of GNSS device used and application under consideration. Accuracy: Accuracy is a critical factor in military applications. GPS was launched because of the military requirements for high accurate global navigation (Len, 2007:185). In case of timing service, military operations require precise time transfer for synchronization of equipment and various operations (Len 2007: 184). The GPS PPS offers horizontal accuracy of 1.2m and vertical accuracy of 1.9m based on 24 satellite constellations (Groves, 2008). With its modernisation program, GLONASS is set to compete with GPS as it planned to achieve the same positioning accuracy with GPS. The Galileo Public-Regulated Service (PRS) has a lower accuracy when compared to that of GPS PPS; it has horizontal accuracy of 3m and vertical accuracy of 6m, much more lower to its Open Service (Groves, 2008: 20) Availability: Availability is also of the important characteristics of GNSS performance. Availability of navigation system is defined by US Federal Radionavigation Plan (FRP) as the percentage of time that the services of the system are within the required performance limits (Wang et al 2006: 1). Global availability of GNSS for military applications is expected to increase with the ongoing modernisation of GLONASS. GLONASS K satellites when fully launched will improve the accuracy of P code for military applications. India has partnered with Russia in the GLONASS project, and it is expected that India and other countries will have access GLONASS military signals for their mission operations and equipment testing. Aside from GPS military signals, more countries are today using civil signals in many military missions and equipment testing. Integrity: GPS will have full integrity monitoring and alert system as the fourth segment when the modernisation programme is completed. GLONASS K satellites will broadcast integrity information and differential corrections in L3 band. Similarly, Galileo will broadcast integrity alerts and some differential corrections. 2.1 GNSS Markets GNSS technology is naturally divided into two broad markets/applications civil / commercial markets and military markets. The user equipment used in military applications can be classified into two types: (i) GNSS receivers operated by human beings such as handheld type, human operated receivers on ships, aircrafts and vehicles (Len, 2007: 184 -185) (ii) Autonomous receivers these are not dependent of any human operation and usually integrated with inertial sensors. They are used in guided missile programs and newer military applications. Comparison between Military and Civil Receivers Military Civil Frequencies L1, L2 L1 and /or L1, L2 (L5 on 11F satellites Codes P(Y), M, C/A, C C/A and C (on modernised satellites Size/weight/power Card, handheld, receiver unit Chips, handheld, receiver unit Navigation accuracy 1m to 5m 5m to 10m Anti interference Greater than 54 dB Usually not more than 24 dB Integration A/J antennas, communications, inertial sensors Speed/heading sensors, communications, GIS, inertial sensors Adapted from (Len 2007: 183) 3.0 Military Applications of GNSS Of all GNSS, GPS has been most widely used in military applications. Essentially, GPS was developed to satisfy military requirements for a global positioning, navigation and timing service. (Kaplan, and Hegarty, 2006: 654). Military application of GPS started in late 1970s when GPS was used for weapon testing in the then US Navy Submarine Launched Ballistic Program (SLBM). GPS was used to track the Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles from a ship as the missile travelled down the Atlantic (Len, 2007: 174). The GPS military equipment used for the missile testing then made use of translator. Subsequently, other weapon testing was conducted in the air and ground vehicles (Len, 2007: 177). Today, GPS can be deployed to variety of military applications. Some of these include: target acquisition; missile guidance, search and rescue; coordinate bombing; precision survey, instrument approach; antisubmarine warfare; range instrumentation; remotely piloted vehicle operations; barebase operati ons; close air support; en route navigation; command and control; field artillery and shore bombardment; rendezvous, sensor emplacement etc. (Len, 2007: 177 -178). Other military applications of GNSS include mine location, enemy radar location, Special Forces intelligence gathering etc (Dye and Baylin, 1997: 82). 3.1 GNSS/ Inertial Integration Systems: GNSS such as GPS has been proved to be weak in term of providing high quality and reliable position solution (Spirent, 2010). Thus inertial sensors are being used in many applications to complement GNSS. Inertial navigation system is a small, self contained device that uses inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) to calculate position and velocity solution of a moving object (Logsdon, 1995: 39). It makes use of dead reckoning navigation system (Groves 2008: 7). Using GPS measurements, INS navigation solution is calibrated and corrected via integration algorithm (Groves and Long, 2005: 2). GPS/INS integration is popular in the guided weapons and unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) where low cost sensors are used (Groves and Long, 2005: 2). INS function independently of GNSS signals susceptible to jamming, interference, enemy manipulation and other distortions and are therefore used in many military applications (Dye and Baylin, 1997: 13). Examples of practical applications of GNSS/ INS based solutions are given in the report. Advantages of GNSS/INS based solution: INS offers continuous navigation operations; it provides high-bandwidth output (50 Hz) and low short-term noise; it also provides attitude, angular rate, and acceleration measurements as well as position and velocity (Groves and Long 2005: 419) (Groves 2008: 8). GPS provides a high accuracy which does not drift with time(Groves and Long, 2005: 419) Disadvantages of GNSS/INS based solution: The accuracy of INS output is degraded with time thus necessitating the need to calibrate the errors (Groves 2008: 8). Unlike INS, GNSS has lower bandwidth (1Hz), more noisier than that INS and does not usually include altitude (Groves and Long 2005: 419, 420) One obvious challenge in the military use of GNSS is issue of deliberate jamming and interference by the enemies. GPS receivers have been found to be susceptible to jamming due to low signal power of GPS signal. This trend has raised a concern to US Department of Defence in the recent years thus signalling the programme of developing various anti-jamming techniques to mitigate these effects. Recent anti jamming technologies include nulling of antennas and ultra tight coupling of the GPS and the inertial sensors (Kaplan, and Hegarty (2006: 656). 3.2 Practical Applications of GPS in Precision Guidance In 1991, US army and its allies successfully deployed GPS in the attack to rescue oil rich Kuwait after its invasion by Iraq in an operation tagged Operation Desert Storm. GPS receivers were fitted in the military aircrafts and helicopters, bombs were dropped from these aircrafts as targeted thus eliminating unwanted casualties. GPS receivers were used to know the coordinates of the targets so that the weapons can be delivered accurately. In 1995, GPS was also deployed during the Bosnia war by the combined US and NATO forces in a campaign tagged Operation Deliberate Force. Military aircrafts operating from their base in Italy were fully equipped with GPS equipment in the strike against the Bosnia Serb forces. Perhaps, the Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) is the most impressive breakthrough GPS has achieved in area of precision guidance. JDAM is an independent, tail kit with gravity bomb; it is usually mounted on the military fighter jets and uses GPS/INS guidance to deliver the target (Cozzens, 2006). JDAM has the capability of working in all weather conditions and its accuracy is not dependent on the altitude (Cozzens, 2006). JDAM recorded 9.6m accuracy during their testing. JDAM have been successfully deployed in many operations. For example, in June 2006, US Air Force successfully used GBU-38 Joint Direct Attack Munition equipped with GPS precision guidance to kill former Iraq terrorist leader Abu Musab al Zarqawi in his house (Cozzens, 2006). Once on the air, GPS/INS guidance enables the gravity bomb to be delivered accurately at the targets (Cozzens, 2006). In case of GLONASS, Russian military has deployed GLONASS military signals in many missions (Len, 2007: 189). Russian Federation Airforce recently developed latest KAB family of weapons called KAB 500S. KAB 500S is a guided bomb similar to that of US JDAM. KAB 500S can be dropped from aircraft at altitudes of 500 to 10,000 metres and airspeeds of 550 to 1,100 kilometres per hour (Deagel, 2007). It uses GLONASS Military code and INS to strike the targets (Len, 2007: 189). The third generation GNSS, Galileo has encrypted signal Public Regulated Service that may be used for military applications in the near future. 4.0 GNSS Future and Military Applications: The GNSS have made giant strides in military applications particularly in area of guided weaponry and smart bombs. GPS-aided munitions, ranging from artillery shells to smart shells have proved to be a reliable technology in recent time in times of accuracy (Lucio, (2002), (Wells, (2001). Countries all over the world will continue to embrace these technologies as cheaper GPS/INS coupled munitions are being produced to meet the requirements for accurate, precise timing and navigation solutions in the land, air and sea in near future. Current developments in GNSS industry like new signals and constellations acquisition will usher new era of high accurate military based satellite navigation. The separation of GPS signals for military and civilian use will lessen the effects of jamming and interference in military operations coupled with high signal power of new M code. GPS new military code will improve the anti-jamming capability of the system as current modernisation programme will make it autonomous. Non coherence integration of the acquisition circuit of the new military code will enhance the performance of the system in the presence of noise and jamming (Betz et al, 2005: 45, 46). In the area of system integrity, modernization programme of GPS and GLONASS will offer users more reliable measurements as they will have options to validate GNSS measurements. Presently, only GPS and GLONASS are used for military applications. I look at future where GNSS will be more available for military applications. More countries will be authorised to have access to GPS P(Y) code in near future and others will want develop their own SBASs. For example, Nigeria has developed its own SBAS called NIGCOMSAT with coverage only in Nigeria for now. Modernised GPS civil signals will continue to be used by countries not authorised to use P(Y) code. Only, recently, Russian Government announced that GLONASS military signals will be freely made available to any country that want to use them. Already, India and Russian have agreed to collaborate on GLONASS project (Len, 2007: 190). It is expected that more Countries will enter into agreements with Russian when GLONASS constellation of satellites are fully deployed in the orbit. China is making steady progress on its Compass project and is poised to use the system to strengthen its national security. Finally, GNSS industry is geared for revolution when Galileo is fully operationalised in next few years. Galileo has an encrypted signal PRS which has potentials for military applications. It is already been speculated that this may be used for military applications in the near future, although Galileo is purely conceived as a civilian system.

Columbine High School Essay

  You are a sociologist who is interested in studying school violence. Describe how you might approach the study of this phenomenon as a functionalist, a conflict theorist and a symbolic interaction’. â€Å"Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars†¦ Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that.† Martin Luther King Jr. The problem we are facing today with violence in the schools is a major concern with communities everywhere. School violence has escalated from one-on-one weaponless fights for personal disagreements with said person; this is no longer the case. Due to the outward influences of media, video games, and society in general, this has escalated into all-out, deadly weapon assaults on innocent lives for reasons they themselves are usually unaware for example Columbine High School massacre and Montreal, Canada shooting. Sociologist; however have developed different approaches to evaluate the phenomenon through different perspective; functionalist, conflict theorist and symbolic integrationist, which would be aptly discussed in the proceeding paragraphs. Functionalist look at the implications of crime and control polices rather than directly trying to explain the causes of the behavior. According to Parson Model a social system consist of mutually dependant parts, parts contributing to functioning of system and moving equilibrium. However pertaining to the issue of school violence, I would, following the functionalist perspective look at school violence as way to return to stability within a society thus keeping proper balance . Therefore I would view it as a positive, because the disturbance (school violence) exists more dangerously it encourages the society to come up with better solutions to elevate the problem so it encourages progress. For examples the Columbine Massac with occurred lead to new ideas to combat school violence .A number of new programs were introduced, emphasis was placed on better parenting skills, keeping guns out of hands of kids ,better school security, more counseling programs and bett3er preventative measure, etc. When these methods were implemented no action to that extreme occurred within that society so their fore the youth violence was reduced and the society moved and the society in return became a better place and progress was made. Conflict perspective holds that stratification is dysfunctional and harmful in society, with inequality  perpetuated because it benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor. A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. As it results to school violence using the conflict theorist approach, I would say the violence will only exist at level of exploitation and unworthy or treated unfairly compared to other children they felt a level of inequality and they reacted in a way to gain power over the people who inflicted pain upon them. For example let’s take the Columbine shooting, according to the conflict theorist perspective say that the shootings were inevitable as the exploited, bullied kids eventually had enough and rose up against the bourgeoisie, or the kids that did the bullying. Eric Harris one of the boys who participated the shooting opened his journal with the words â€Å"I hate the f—ing world.† Showing high levels of hatred to which he portrayed, he wanted to get back at every one who did him wrong. After analyzing the two individual’s journals it was clear cut that they both had problem with society and somehow they did them something which infiltrated this hate for them. So we can see the reason for them to perform these atrocious acts were to gain a sense of dominances in their mind over these people. When doing the act we see the boys smiling while people were being hurting showing a sign of relief in their face and sense of happiness to them that they revenge to the world for inflicting so much of pain upon them. Analyzing them for a conflict theorist point of view I would say the reason for the boys committing suicide after was to get away from everything they already accomplished the goal they wanted so they decided to end their life what more is there to live for when victory was served? Symbolic integrationist view relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction. Thus, society is thought to be socially constructed through human interpretation. Symbolic interaction view school violence as

Analyzing the factors which influencing customers of choosing a soft drinks Essay

The overview of business environment is changing overtime. Due to increasing of excessive competition in business environment, customer preference and purchase intention are changing day by day. Now Bangladesh is more intense as competitive market in beverage industry with lot of foreign and local companies. People are being more health conscious day by day. They are becoming aware about their daily diet in which liquids play the vital role. Availability of soft drink in our country is numerous. Everyday new types of soft drinks are being launched. The reasons behind this popularity for this soft drink show that demand is very higher in our country. Throughout the year, consumption of the soft drinks goes on. Kids to elder people everybody like soft drink; specially kids and young generation. The competition among the soft drink companies is very high. They are fighting all-time to attract customer and satisfy them in better way than their rivals. In this regard, we searched out the scope to do a marketing research. We have selected five factors or variables: Brand image, Price, Quality, Taste and Product Availability to identify based on which factor customers used to choose a particular soft drink brand. Indeed, we tried to find out which factor among these five factors is the most influential to choose a particular soft drink brand. Brand Image: Brand image refers to images arising in a consumer’s mind from exposure to a named brand. It refers to the impression in the consumers’ mind of a brand’s total personality (real and imaginary qualities and shortcomings). Consumers buy not only a product (commodity), but also the images associated with the product such as power, wealth, sophistication, and most importantly identification and association with other users of the brand. The term â€Å"brand image† gained popularity as evidence began to grow that the feelings and images associated with a brand were powerful purchase influencers. Studies based on that also suggested that brand image can be an important information cue for consumers to evaluate a product. A brand is unlikely to have one brand image, but several, though one or two may predominate. The key in brand image research is to identify or develop the most powerful images and reinforce them through subsequent brand communications. Good brand images are instantly evoked, are positive, and are almost always unique among competitive brands. Brand image is developed over time through advertising campaigns with consistent theme, and packaging, customer service, word-of-mouth and other aspects of brand experience. Brand images are usually evoked by asking consumers the first words/images that come to their mind when a certain brand is mentioned (sometimes called â€Å"top of mind†). When responses are highly variable, non-forthcoming, or refer to non-image attributes such as cost, it is an indicator of a weak brand image. Consumers also feel pride of owning a product purchased from a branded store because they perceive the brand as an image of social status. Social status is the honor or prestige attached to one’s position in society. A society’s stratification system, which is the system of distributing rewards to the members of society, determines social status. Social status, the position or rank of a person or group within the stratification system, can be determined two ways. One can earn their social status by their own achievements, which is known as achieved status. Alternatively, one can be placed in the stratification system by their inherited position, which is called ascribed status. Some consumers believe in themselves to have high social status. Quality: Quality is the ability of a product to satisfy a consumer’s needs and requirements. Perceived quality can be defined as the perception of a consumer about the overall excellence and superiority of a brand, which is directly related to his satisfaction. Quality is the best indicator of the product’s durability, reliability, precision and other valued attributes. It provides added value and constructive perception on a brand to affect consumers’ brand evaluation. The high quality perception often depends on consumers’ distinct liking and beliefs toward the brand. Thus, a brand may contain quality attributes but it may not satisfy consumers’ preference if it does not fit with their perceptions and beliefs of high quality. Typically, consumers recognize the quality levels of different brands through categorical information as well as experience with the brand and they form positive or negative perceptions about the quality of a specific brand. When consumers are convinced with quality of a brand, they evaluate a brand positively. Consumers also feel pride of owning quality product because they perceive better quality as an image of social status. Sometimes, the perception of quality is diverse among consumers. For a brand, different consumers hold different perception vis-a-vis brand quality. One brand might be coded as â€Å"high quality† by some consumers, and â€Å"medium quality† or â€Å"low quality† by others. Again, product quality perceptions are also varied based on the product class. Taste: Taste is defined to as the consumer’s opinion of a product’s (or a brand’s) ability to fulfill his or her expectations, which is directly related to his / her satisfaction. It may have little or nothing to do with the actual excellence of the product, and is based on the firms (or brands) current public image, consumer’s experience with the firm’s other products, and the influence of the opinion leaders, consumer’s peer group, and others. Quality is the best indicator of the product’s durability, reliability, precision, and other valued attributes. It provides added value and constructive perception on a brand to affect consumers’ brand evaluation. The high quality perception on products often depends on consumers’ distinct liking and beliefs toward supplier and manufacturer of the products. From this belief, if consumers are not satisfied with the taste of juice, they will never purchase that juice. It will also create negative impact for the next product in future. So, perceived taste or quality of juice is very crucial as it is an edible item. Price: Consumers want to get highest utility from a product they purchase by sacrificing money and benefit from other brands. Price perception is the process by which consumers translate price into meaningful cognitions, and it has interested researchers for several years. The classical economic models suggest that a consumer maximizes utility by allocating a limited budget over alternative goods and services. So effects of price are more associated with quality perception of a product or brand. Consumers generally perceive high priced products to be of high quality. Price conveys information to the consumer about product quality. Thus, price information is extensively used as an extrinsic cue to evaluate a product. That is why, price can play both role as an indicator of the level of quality and an indicator of the amount of sacrifice needed to purchase a product. Product availability: Making the products available to the target customers so that they can buy it, i. e. placing or distribution is one of the basic 4Ps of marketing mix. It is essential for companies to make their products easily available to the customers. Availability is becoming an increasingly important issue for consumers seeking out convenient items. When customers find little or no difference between a firm’s product and those of competing suppliers, the customers are readily willing to take a second-choice brand when the first is not immediately available. These products are said to be highly substitutable. In our country, numerous juice manufacturers produce different types and tasted of juice. As a result competition is very high. Substitutable products are also numerous like juices, chocolate milk, water. Thus, volume of stocks available and also the level of variety of stocks, determined in terms of SKUs (Stock Keeping Units), are crucial for sellers to attract and retain consumers. A new survey from the Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD) found that retailers and manufacturers across Europe are losing out to store and brand switching as consumers substitute products, which are unavailable or difficult to find. Product unavailability will simply influence consumers to switch to other brand juice. Thus, product availability is a very important construct for evaluating consumers’ purchase-decision making 1. 2 Statement of the problem The overview of business environment is changing overtime. Due to increasing of excessive competition in business environment, customer preference and purchase intention are changing day by day. Now Bangladesh is more intense as competitive market in beverage industry with lot of foreign and local companies. People are being more health conscious day by day. They are becoming aware about their daily diet in which liquids play the vital role. Availability of soft drink in our country is numerous. Everyday new types of soft drinks are being launched. The reasons behind this popularity for this soft drink show that demand is very higher in our country. Throughout the year, consumption of the soft drinks goes on. Kids to elder people everybody like soft drink; specially kids and young generation. The competition among the soft drink companies is very high. They are fighting all-time to attract customer and satisfy them in better way than their rivals. In this regard, we searched out the scope to do a marketing research. We have selected five factors or variables: Brand image, Price, Quality, Taste and Product Availability to identify based on which factor customers used to choose a particular soft drink brand. Indeed, we tried to find out which factor among these five factors is the most influential to choose a particular soft drink brand. 1. 3 Purpose of the study We are interested in this topic because we see that everyday a huge amount of beverages is being consumed by the people. This research will give us a clear picture about the mindset of the consumers about which beverage they purchase and at what condition. And also while purchasing beverage what they are looking for. The main objective of this research is to conduct conclusive research to understand how consumers are taking the purchasing decision, what the factors that are influencing their decision and what are they actually looking for while purchasing any beverage. A careful review of those areas led to the identification of the following specific research objectives: 1. To identify the criteria that consumers use when selecting beverage. 2. To know that how consumers evaluate beverage industry and their choice criteria. 3. To identify the demographic and psychographic profile of the consumers. 4. To determine that can customer preference and purchase intention be explained in terms product evaluations and customer characteristics. 5. To identify the value proposition of the customer. 2. 0 Literature Review Soft drinks are most common popular fast moving consumer goods in Bangladesh. After independence the soft drinks habit of Bangladeshi people has been changed a lot. Besides our traditional soft drinks consumer of Bangladesh like to take western soft drinks also after 1980s. As a result of global marketing this was not too hard for the consumers. Different foreign food companies were established in Bangladesh. Beverage industry is one of them. But more interestingly we don’t know beverage is also our cultural food because beverage doesn’t mean only carbonated drinks. Yoghurt, soup and lacchi are also beverage of our own tradition, which consumed for the last 100 years in Bangladesh. Beverage business entered into our market in the later part of 1980. At that time there were only few companies in Bangladesh. But by the change of time and western culture influences it’s become very popular in Bangladesh. By year 2000 more than 12 Beverage Company operating business in Bangladesh and most of them are foreign companies. Most of the studies conducted on the customer preference of beverage have been reviewed in the subsequent section. A. John S. A. Edwards & Hadyn Ingram (1995), Volume 7; Issue 5; Page 25 – 28in â€Å"Food, beverage and accommodation: an integrated operations approach†mentioned that accommodation has a close relation with food & beverage. B. Mary Bellis (2005) in â€Å"Food History – Beverages and Drinks† explained thehistory of Beer, Wine, Alcoholic & Non-Alcoholic beverages and Drinks. C. Mohajon Bangladeshi Online Bazar (2006) in â€Å"Beverage product view†identified different beverages & their quality with prices. D. Transcom Beverage Limited official website (2003) in â€Å"Introduction† explained that TBL manufactures the famous Pepsi range of beverages-Pepsi, 7up,Mirinda Orange, Mirinda Lemon, Slice and Soda. As a corporate citizen Pepsico believes it has a responsibility to contribute to the quality of life in our communities. 3. 0 Research Methodology 3. 1 Research Design The research method will be applied research design. We have followed problem identification research. Our research is an exploratory research. Each respondent will be interviewed through filling up his or her questionnaire. Because of the conclusive nature of the objectives, we will primarily use quantitative questioning in the surveys. For making research questions more effective researcher will use Likert-5 Scale method for most of the questions, and also some other questioning method so that interviewers can easily express their opinions on the questionnaire, and it will facilitate the researcher to identify the actual objectives of this business research. The sample size of this study will be 40 and respondents will be selected from several universities throughout the Dhaka city. Eligible respondents will be adult over the age of 18. Information will be collected through interviewer administered questionnaire method. A simple random method will be used to select respondent to the questionnaire. 40 questionnaires will be prepared based on demographic factors of respondent (like: age, income, occupation, loyalty, media preference, leisure passing, etc) and some factors considered important for satisfaction measurement. The factors are: quality of product, price, convenience, flavor, taste, and brand image. Research questions 1. How does a brand image influence customers to choose a soft drink? 2. How does a quality influence customer to choose a soft drink? 3. How does taste influence customers to choose a soft drink? 4. How does price persuade the customers’ decision to choose a soft drink? 5. How does product availability reinforce the customers’ to choose a soft drink? Hypotheses of the study: Based on the Research Question, we have developed the following hypothesis: Influence of Brand image Brand image is a crucial extrinsic cue which provides specific information about product quality, reputation, performance, credibility, prestige, and so on about a brand. Hence, chain superstores with high image brands may have significant and dominating influence in customers for choosing to shop at a chain superstore. A well-known brand also reduces the consumers’ risk perception and increases positive preference towards a superstore. Brand image is also used as a symbol of social status sometimes and it forces the consumer to own the brand name of a chain superstore. Thus, if a chain superstore can achieve reliability and reputation as a high image brand, the consumers is highly influenced to choose that store whenever they are shopping. Therefore, our first hypothesis, H1: Brand image influences customers to choose a soft drink Influence of perceived quality Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a brand based on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. When a consumer lacks sufficient knowledge about intrinsic cues, he or she may use perceived quality information to evaluate a brand. Nowadays, a consumer does not intend to buy just a brand, but he or she purchases the benefits associated with it. Consequently, high quality perceptions toward a brand achieve consumers’ preferences and satisfactions rapidly. Consumers evaluate a brand as unique, prestigious and reliable for its superior quality. If the product is associated with high perceived quality, the consumers’ trust of a brand is increased and thus a brand’s preference is also increased. Moreover, consumers use the brand’s quality to differentiate a brand from the other brands. Researchers generally have postulated that there are many different ways to differentiate products; superior quality is one of the most effective. Therefore, the perception of higher quality directly influences the consumers’ favorable evaluation of a brand. So, our second hypothesis, H2: Quality influences customers to choose a soft drink. Influence of taste Quality is the totality of a features and characteristics of a product based on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. When a customer lacks sufficient knowledge about intrinsic cues, he or she may use perceived quality of a product while deciding to shop at a chain superstore rather than at a departmental store. Nowadays, customers do not intend to buy just a product or its brand, but they purchases the benefits associated with it. Consequently, high quality perceptions toward a store achieve consumers’ preferences and satisfactions rapidly. Consumers evaluate a branded store as unique, prestigious and reliable for its ability to provide superior quality products. If the product is associated with high-perceived quality, the consumers’ trust of that store increases and thus that store’s preference also increases. Although there are many ways of differentiating products, researchers generally have recommended that superior quality is one of the most effective ways. So when a super chain store provides same products with higher quality, consumers will use that high quality to differentiate their products from products of other stores. Consumers will definitely buy products from that superstore rather than from departmental stores. Therefore, the perception of higher quality directly influences the consumers’ choice of chain superstores over departmental stores. Therefore, our third hypothesis: H3: Taste influence customers to buy a soft drink Influence of price Consumers are most likely to use price in deciding which store to buy from when some related information is lacking, when they are not familiar with a product, and when information about purchase context is lacking. Consumers often perceive price as an extrinsic quality cue. Several studies have searched consumer perception of price as an indicator of quality, and many of these have shown price to act on this manner. The argument behind this assumption is that: (a) Producing quality goods require sophisticated machineries that cost more and increase prices, (b) Manufacturers use high quality raw materials to produce quality products, and (c) It is unlikely that a product with low quality will be charged more in this competitive world But consumer markets of most products are highly price sensitive. Some brands of same quality are charged lower compared to other brands because of competition available in the market as marketing strategy or just because of that the supplier of that brand has some competitive advantages over distribution of its products (like wholesalers or chain supermarkets). In both ways, consumers are most likely to be influenced by perceived price, for choosing a chain superstore over a departmental store. Therefore, the following hypothesis is drawn based on the above reasoning: H4: Price persuades the customers’ decision to choose a soft drink Influence of Product availability Product availability is a very important construct for evaluating consumers’ purchase-decision making. Shoppers want to make their shopping easier and quicker, and they do not want to visit multiple stores to complete their weekly shop. Nearby department stores can store less number of SKUs (stock keeping units) while chain superstores can store in bulk amounts since they are comparatively much larger in size. And the variety of products is also much higher in superstores. They not only keep grocery items, but also products of wet markets (vegetables, meats, fishes, etc.) as well as a vast array of other household, personal care, and miscellaneous products. For example, at any point in time, there are nearly 20,000 different products available at stores of Agora while Nandan has capacity of displaying 22,000 items at a time. They also provide the latest and unique items of different products much before those could reach the retail department stores. And since these superstores have several branches at different locations, they definitely give the consumers to avail the benefits of high product availability. Therefore, when customers are looking for purchasing several types of products together, they are highly influenced by this extrinsic cue of product availability. H5: Product availability does reinforce the customers’ to choose a soft drink. 3. 2 Data Collection This was the critical part of the whole research process. The researcher had to carefully plan the whole data collection process and the success of the whole report depended on the precise execution of that detailed plan. The primary data source was the principle methodology used for this research. All the members of the group will collect the data conducting personal interviews. The questionnaire will contain several questions with close and open ends accommodation additional queries for understanding the opinion of the respondents and having an insight into the matter. 3. 3 Data Analysis After collecting data, a comprehensive screening process followed. Incomplete and biased data stored out and deleted from the data bank. Both descriptive and inferential statistics used in the analysis. We use two types software to analyze the data. The software’s are: SPSS Microsoft Excel Descriptive statistics will be used to depict the specific situation of specific aspects relating to choosing a soft drink. Factors analysis will be performed to identify the factor of choosing a soft drink. Correlation between the factors and age, gender, level of income and occupation will be identified to know the relationship. In order to explore relationship with the overall influence factors, multiple regression analysis will be preferred with the factors. Through this research and statistics analysis we had tried to find the demographic factors of the target market, their likings and decisions regarding purchasing juice. We also tried to find the reliability analysis of the data, mean of the independent and dependent variables and regression analysis to go to the findings of this research report. It gives the total picture of the target market based on demographic, socio-economic factors. Through this we will be able to measure about the age group, average monthly income, favorite programs and the important issue that influence them to purchase juice of the target customer. This is totally based on the survey that we have done. 4. 0 Limitations. For preparing this report we have several limitations for gathering appropriate information and other related issues. Our limitations are: Generally the customers are posh people. They are also busy people. So taking interview of them is really a big task. Sometimes they did not realize the questions and could not provide information. If a larger number of respondents were surveyed it would have been possible to get more accurate data about the consumer’s preference. So our analysis may not be reliable. There are may have some error in our research. Like, research error, interviewer error, data analysis error, etc. Since it was a very short period of time, we weren’t able to collect more data to acquire deep understanding. 5. 0 References Business Research Methods, 8th edition written by W. G. Zikmund â€Å"Marketing Research – an applied orientation† 5th edition written by Naresh K. Malhotra Business Research Methods written by D. R. Coopers and P. S. Schindler Appendix Questionnaire We are the students of Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) enrolled in Business Research Methodology course. As per the requirement of course, a questionnaire has developed to investigate about factors regarding the customers’ consideration in choosing soft drinks. Regarding this objective we humbly requesting you to contribute in survey by marking this script. We assure you that the provided data will be used only for academic purposes. 1. Do you drink soft drinks? Yes No 2. How frequently do you purchase soft drinks? Once in a day Once in a week Once in a month Others (Please specify)†¦ 3. What is your age? Less than 20 years 20 to 30 years 30 to 40 years 40 to 50 years Above 50 years 4. What is your occupation? Service holder (govt. / private/ multinational) Businessman (Entrepreneur/ Intrapreneur) Student (high school/undergraduate/graduate) Homemaker Others (Please specify)†¦ 5. What is the average monthly income of your family? Less than 10,000 10,000Tk. to less than 20,000Tk. 20,000Tk. to less than 30,000Tk. 30,000Tk. to less than 40,000Tk. 40,000Tk. and above 6. When do you watch TV? During 12 AM- 6 AM During 6 AM – 2 PM During 2 PM-7 PM During 7 PM-12 AM 7. What do you do during leisure? Watching TV Fishing Hang out with friends Reading books Sports activities Others (Please specify)†¦ 8. Which media do you prefer? TV channel FM radio Newspaper & magazine Bill board ad Others (Please specify)†¦. 9. Which of the following factors influence the most of my purchase of soft drinks? Purchase of soft drinks Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree Brand image Price Availability Taste Quality 10. Place your agreement level with the statements below: Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree I find the product (Soft Drink) of my choice always available. I consider Product Availability before going to a purchase the soft drink The Product unavailability creates negative impact on my purchase. I consider the products (soft drink) taste before purchasing any soft drink I consider the products (soft Drink) taste is the most important factor in purchasing the soft drink I think high price always ensures the high quality. Price of soft drink is important factor to me before deciding to buy any soft drink I find the price of the soft drinks available in our country affordable I consider Brand Image while purchasing soft drinks I think the Brand Image of soft drinks indicates my social status I think High Brand Image ensures high quality products.

Ecosphere versus Technosphere in Making Peace with the Planet by Barry Commoner essays

Ecosphere versus Technosphere in Making Peace with the Planet by Barry Commoner essays The emergence of the Industrial Revolution in the history of humankind has brought about significant changes that greatly altered the way human society lived. Through the Industrial Revolution, technologies that were never conceived to influence the way people accomplish their activities, making them easier and faster to do, have begun developing by the turn of 19th until the present century. Furthermore, technological inventions and innovations made possible the mass production of materials and gadgets that are mainly run by electricity, as well as plastics and other materials made up of man-made substances and chemicals. However, the birth of new technological development in human society has also endangered one aspect of human life that is, perhaps, the most essential element that keeps human beings alive on planet Earth. The deterioration of the environment is the main issue that is prevalently talked about regarding the disadvantages of the industrial and technological revolutions in human society. This issue is broadly addressed in Barry Commoner's book, entitled, Making Peace with the Planet. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the biological, geographical, and social dynamics of environmental deterioration due to technologies created by humans produced at an increasingly faster rate now compared to two centuries ago. In the book, Commoner posits that conflict between the environment and technologies mass produced by human society is the primary reason why the environment is deteriorating, and that "ecologically sound technologies" are the solution to prevent and eventually eliminate the environmental problem that humans are facing today. In discussing the issue of environmental crisis in the planet (Earth), Commoner centers on the aspect of technology as the primary catalyst that led to the problem of environmental degradation. The author argu...